Light and Electron Microscope Study of Urosporidium cannoni N. Sp., a Haplosporidian Parasite of the Polyclad Turbellarian Stylochus sp.

Abstract

Urosporidium cannoni n. sp. was found in most tissues of a polyclad turbellarian associated with commercial oyster farms from eastern Moreton Bay, Australia. Mature spores had 1 1 to 13 episporal tails at irregular intervals around the spore wall. The spherule, prominent in development, dispersed as the spores matured, Spores were found within cysts that contained up to a few hundred spores at the same stage of development. Mature cysts occurred in groups and their masses of dark, golden spores resulted in black patches on the otherwise red-brown turbellarian. The infection may have commercial importance.Supplementary key words. Australia, marine, sporulation, taxonomy, ultrastructure. on the surf claim industry. J. Parasitol.. 61:944-949.88:145-150.

Bonamia exitiosus n.sp. (Haplosporidia) infecting flat oysters Ostrea chilensis in New Zealand

“…15 is bilaterally symmetrical and consequently resembles a spore. However, the bounding dense layer is cytoplasmic and lacks an external protective layer, and it is unlike the spore wall of other haplosporidians (Perkins 1979(Perkins , 1989, such as Urosporidium (Anderson et al 1993), Haplosporidium (Perkins 1968, 1969, La Haye et al 1984, Azevedo et al 1985, Hine & Thorne 1998 and Minchinia (Marchand & Sprague 1979, Desportes & Nashed 1983, Comps & Tigé 1997. Also, none of the early stages of haplosporidian sporulation, such as loss of haplosporosomes, thickening of the plasmodial wall and formation of a syncytium, have been reported from Bonamia sp.…”

Urosporidium sp. hyperparasite of the turbellarian Paravortex cardii in the cockle Cerastoderma edule

“…form persistent ornaments in the epispore cytoplasm which consist of ribbons and epispore Wbril extensions or tails. Most urosporidian species have a single tail, but some have two or three tails and U. cannoni had 11-13 tails (Anderson et al, 1993). Up to three tails were seen in the spores described in the present study.…”

“…There are eight known species of Urosporidium, most of them are hyperparasites of trematode larvae (Anderson et al, 1993;Burreson and Ford, 2004). Urosporidium cannoni n. sp is the only Urosporidium species described from turbellarians (Anderson et al, 1993).…”

First report of Urosporidium sp., a haplosporidian hyperparasite infecting digenean trematode Parvatrema duboisi in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum on the west coast of Korea

“…A single tail was described for U. fuliginosum, U. crescens, U. fauricum and U. jiroveci, while two or three tails were reported from U. pelseneeri, U. spisuli and Urosporidium sp. U. cannoni (Anderson, 1993) is distinguished from other species in the genus by its 11-13 tails. For U. constantae, the absence of fine structure depiction of its spores as well as the measurement of living spores made comparison of this species to the current species difficult.…”

“…In contrast, the haplosporidian hyperparasites are comparatively rare, although they have been reported from marine and freshwater (Burreson, 2001;Molloy et al, 2012;Winters and Faisal, 2014). Members of the genus Urosporidium in the phylum Haplosporidia occur exclusively in the marine environment parasitizing trematodes or turbellaria infecting clams, cockles, oysters, and swimming crabs (Anderson et al, 1993;Carballal et al, 2005;Couch, 1974;Ormières et al, 1973;Perkins, 1971Perkins, , 1979Perkins et al, 1975). According to Perkins (1971Perkins ( , 1975Perkins ( & 1979, Urosporidium spp.…”