Light and electrically responsive materials based on aligned carbon nanotubes

Fabrication and excellent electroresponsive properties of ideal PMMA@BaTiO3 composite particles

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Existing research mainly focuses on precisely controllable responses to external stimuli, including temperature, pH, light, and electric or magnetic elds. [6][7][8][9] Electroresponsive materials are mostly made up of electrically polarizable particles, which behave as electric dipoles that can be polarized and attract or repel each other to form solid-like chains in the presence of an external electric eld, and this is reversibly controlled. 10,11 BaTiO 3 (BT) is an ideal polarizable material that is widely used because of its good chemical stability, thermo-stability and dielectric property.…”

Theory of microstructured polymer–electrolyte artificial muscles

“…Thus, a 'stronger' IPMC is one which is thicker (larger H). To highlight the improvement volume-filling electrodes offer over flat electrodes, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] we outline simple equations to calculate the mass that nanostructured IPMCs can hold and compare to flat electrode composites. The actuator itself is assumed to be light, so that when no voltage or mass is applied the actuator is resting in a horizontal, cantilever position.…”

“…Improved actuation has already been achieved through volume-filling electrode architectures. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] For example, carbon nanotube forests and metal particle electrodes [31][32][33] have experimentally demonstrated enhanced responses over flat electrodes. The same principle to improve the actuation effect is applied in this theoretical investigation, where different electrode architectures are scrutinised subject to the predictions of the theory.…”

A review of smart electrospun fibers toward textiles

“…More importantly, electrospinning offers a facile way to make use of various materials from inorganic to organic matter. Smart materials, also named as stimuli-responsive materials, are capable of undertaking reversible physical/chemical change in their properties upon exposure to external stimulus, such as temperature [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], pH [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ], light [ [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ], electrical [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] ], magnetic [ [39] , [40] , [41] ], chemicals [ [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] ], ions [ 24 , 47 ], etc. It means that they possess the nature of communication with external environment.…”