Light and darkness in circadian rhythms

Persson, Pontus B.; Persson, Anja Bondke

doi:10.1111/apha.13036

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Circadian clocks are believed to have evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental Zeitgebers (German for ‘time giver’), for example light‐dark, nutritional and temperature cycles 3 . Indeed, being ‘circadian’ provides a fitness advantage to organisms, 4 probably because it guarantees the temporal coordination of behaviour with ambient conditions, thereby optimizing survival‐related activities such as foraging or encounters of predators and mating partners.…”

Section: The Mammalian Circadian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Finger

Kramer

2020

Acta Physiologica

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Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24‐hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so‐called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non‐SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell‐autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well‐being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans‐meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built‐up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.

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Section: The Mammalian Circadian Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Finger

Kramer

2020

Acta Physiologica

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“…Human’s performance and most biological functions express rhythmic fluctuations across a 24-h-period: an increase during the day and a decrease at night (Carrier and Monk, 2000; Persson and Persson, 2018). This phenomenon is believed to originate from homeostatic and circadian sleep-wake regulatory processes (Borbély, 1982; Roenneberg and Merrow, 2005; Schmidt et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Low Frequency Fluctuations: Morning and Evening Differences in Human Brain

Fąfrowicz

Bohaterewicz

Ceglarek

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Human performance, alertness, and most biological functions express rhythmic fluctuations across a 24-h-period. This phenomenon is believed to originate from differences in both circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake regulatory processes. Interactions between these processes result in time-of-day modulations of behavioral performance as well as brain activity patterns. Although the basic mechanism of the 24-h clock is conserved across evolution, there are interindividual differences in the timing of sleep-wake cycles, subjective alertness and functioning throughout the day. The study of circadian typology differences has increased during the last few years, especially research on extreme chronotypes, which provide a unique way to investigate the effects of sleep-wake regulation on cerebral mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the influence of chronotype and time-of-day on resting-state functional connectivity. Twenty-nine extreme morning- and 34 evening-type participants underwent two fMRI sessions: about 1 h after wake-up time (morning) and about 10 h after wake-up time (evening), scheduled according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. Analysis of obtained neuroimaging data disclosed only an effect of time of day on resting-state functional connectivity; there were different patterns of functional connectivity between morning (MS) and evening (ES) sessions. The results of our study showed no differences between extreme morning-type and evening-type individuals. We demonstrate that circadian and homeostatic influences on the resting-state functional connectivity have a universal character, unaffected by circadian typology.

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“…The use of artificial light at night has rapidly increased in recent decades, causing negative impacts on sleep, health, and metabolism [1,2] . The current trend in global lighting is shifting from "yellow" sodium lamps toward a new generation of broad-spectrum, energy-efficient, "white" light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-wavelength light induces broiler’s behavioral and physiological syndrome through a misaligned eating rhythm

Yang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Previous work shows that long-wavelength light has a robust circadian rhythmic pattern in the expression of clock genes of chickens, whereas short-wavelength light leads to an arrhythmic oscillation of some clock genes (e.g., cClock, cCry1, cCry2, cPer2, and cPer3). However, knowledge about the consequences of LED lights on the physiological and behavioral phenotype was still not clear. This experiment hypothesizes that short-wavelength light disturbs chickens' eating rhythm and leads to the wrong time to eat, resulting in metabolic syndrome. "Meihuang" broilers were housed in monochromatic LED blue light, green light, yellow light, red light, or white light with a very low dose (15 lx). Multiply physiological parameters were measured and the 24-h eating behavior was determined. The effects of LED light on physiological status and behavioral phenotype showed a wavelength-dependent manner. Short-wavelength light significantly decreased the level of total triglycerides and total cholesterol but increased triiodothyronine concentration. Inversely, long-wavelength light increased the triglycerides and total cholesterol and reduced the level of triiodothyronine. Further, it was found that short-wavelength light significantly boosted body weight compared with long-wavelength light, despite equivalent levels of food intake. Short-wavelength light-induced 23.4% and 14.1% of food consumption during subjective nights, but long-wavelength light did not. These results imply that when chickens eat matters, not just what they eat. Thus, low as 15 lx of blue light exposure during the typical dark period is sufficient to lead an individual to eat at the "wrong" time, causing metabolic dysfunction. Blue light should be cautiously considered to be used in the poultry breeding process.

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Light and darkness in circadian rhythms

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges

Beyond the Low Frequency Fluctuations: Morning and Evening Differences in Human Brain

Short-wavelength light induces broiler’s behavioral and physiological syndrome through a misaligned eating rhythm

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