Light affects motility and infectivity of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>

Oberpichler, Inga; Rosen, Ran; Rasouly, Aviram; Vugman, Michal; Ron, Eliora Z.; Lamparter, Tilman

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01618.x

Cited by 71 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…S3A). Some components of the flagella were more abundant in dark-grown than in irradiated cells, as previously observed in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (31). The observed protein bands were identified by mass spectrometry as FlaA (30.97 kDa) and FlaB (31.18 kDa) flagellin proteins and hook components FlgE (44.44 kDa) and FlgK (52.13 kDa), products of the RL0718, RL0719, RL0728, and RL0729 genes, respectively.…”

Section: R Leguminosarum Has a Lov-hk Proteinsupporting

confidence: 71%

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Bonomi

Posadas

París

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rhizobium leguminosarum is a soil bacterium that infects root hairs and induces the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on leguminous plants. Light, oxygen, and voltage (LOV)-domain proteins are blue-light receptors found in higher plants and many algae, fungi, and bacteria. The genome of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841, a pea-nodulating endosymbiont, encodes a sensor histidine kinase containing a LOV domain at the N-terminal end (R-LOV-HK). R-LOV-HK has a typical LOV domain absorption spectrum with broad bands in the blue and UV-A regions and shows a truncated photocycle. Here we show that the R-LOV-HK protein regulates attachment to an abiotic surface and production of flagellar proteins and exopolysaccharide in response to light. Also, illumination of bacterial cultures before inoculation of pea roots increases the number of nodules per plant and the number of intranodular bacteroids. The effects of light on nodulation are dependent on a functional lov gene. The results presented in this work suggest that light, sensed by R-LOV-HK, is an important environmental factor that controls adaptive responses and the symbiotic efficiency of R. leguminosarum .

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Section: R Leguminosarum Has a Lov-hk Proteinsupporting

confidence: 71%

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Bonomi

Posadas

París

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Bacteria cultured in the light had a reduced number of flagella (one or two compared with three to five in the dark) and exhibited reduced mobility in colony assays. Importantly, virulence was also directly affected by light; reduced root attachment was observed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and smaller tumor formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in the presence of light compared with darkness (Oberpichler et al, 2008). Two putative phytochromes and one cryptochrome have been identified in the A. tumefaciens genome (Goodner et al, 2001), but knockout mutants showed normal light-dependent regulation of Fla protein levels (Oberpichler et al, 2008), suggesting that an as yet unidentified photoreceptor may be involved in this process.…”

Section: Light As a Determinant Of Virulence In Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the vulnerability of the susceptible host and the virulence of the pathogen may vary both with developmental stage and time of day, thus affecting the outcome of the interaction. The importance of light with respect to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions is becoming increasingly apparent; recent reports have shown direct effects of light on the both the defense response in the host and on the virulence of the attacking pathogen (Chandra-Shekara et al, 2006;Griebel and Zeier, 2008;Oberpichler et al, 2008). In addition, there is growing realization that circadian rhythms may play an important role in disease outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it has long been known that motility affects the virulence of plant pathogens, a recent study by Oberpichler et al (2008) has provided evidence linking light perception and virulence via the control of cell motility. Analysis of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 proteome revealed that the flaA and flaB flagellin subunits are significantly upregulated in dark-grown bacteria.…”

Section: Light As a Determinant Of Virulence In Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lights, Rhythms, Infection: The Role of Light and the Circadian Clock in Determining the Outcome of Plant–Pathogen Interactions

2009

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The importance of light with respect to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions is becoming increasingly evident: light affects both the host response and the virulence of some pathogens. The response of plants to environmental signals and stresses is modulated by the circadian clock, and it is apparent that this may include immune responses. Photo and temporal regulation of immune responses may allow plants to anticipate and react more effectively to particular pathogen infections. These aspects of regulation are sometimes overlooked when designing experiments to understand plantpathogen interactions, complicating the interpretation of the outcomes and the direct comparisons of studies. We review recent key findings in these areas and discuss the implications for experimental design and analyses.

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“…Light regulation of motility in Agrobacterium tumefaciens (36) and Acinetobacter baylyi (M. Bitrian and B. C. Nudel, unpublished experiments) are recent examples. In this respect, it is relevant to mention that RsbP and RsbQ form a bicistronic operon, not only in B. subtilis (11) but in many other organisms as well, be it that the phosphatase domain can be substituted by other output modules like histidine protein kinases or guanylate cyclases (10).…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Red Light Activates the σ^B-Mediated General Stress Response ofBacillus subtilisvia the Energy Branch of the Upstream Signaling Cascade

et al. 2010

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When the common soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis is starved or exposed to any of a range of stresses, a complex signal transduction network is activated. This then leads to activation of the alternative RNA polymerase subunit B , which controls a stress response regulon composed of more than 150 genes (19,44,55), of which the ctc gene has generally been accepted as the prototype representative (19). The genes from this B regulon encode proteins from several different functional categories, including transcriptional regulation, cell protection (like carotenoid biosynthesis and the expression of catalase activity), influx and efflux processes, and carbon metabolism (20). The B response can be activated by two separate, but converging, branches of a very complex signal transduction network. These two branches are responsive to different stress signals, as follows: the energy stress branch (elicited by carbon, oxygen, or phosphate limitation) leads to the activation of RsbP, whereas the environmental stress branch (elicited by addition of, e.g., salt or ethanol) activates RsbU. Both RsbP and RsbU are specific phosphatases of the phosphorylated form of RsbV (phosphorylated on a serine residue), which indirectly leads to activation of B (for reviews, see references 19, 32, and 55). Signaling through the environmental branch involves a large, complex structure, called the stressosome (14, 31), for sensory input. This structure is larger than 1.5 MDa and contains the RsbS, RsbT, and RsbRA proteins and several paralogues of RsbRA (14,26). Activation of the stressosome leads to RsbT release, which in turn activates RsbU (15).It has been reported that the B response in B. subtilis can be activated with blue light via involvement of the phototropin homologue YtvA (4,17,49). This protein contains a single LOV (light oxygen voltage) domain (21) that binds a flavin cofactor and shows an authentic photocycle with a very slow thermal recovery rate of its stable ground state (28). It functions in the environmental stress branch of the upstream signal transduction network that regulates activation of B . It is one of the paralogues of RsbRA, but so far, no evidence has been provided to show that YtvA forms an (integral) part of the stressosome. In this study we show that B can also be activated with light through the energy stress branch of this cascade, via the RsbP protein. This second light response is preferentially activated by red light. Significantly, transcriptome analyses confirm that YtvA-dependent and -independent light effects upregulate the B regulon. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and genetic manipulation. The bacterial strains, plasmids, and primers used in this investigation are listed in Table 1. DNA manipulations and molecular genetic techniques were carried out using standard procedures. The strains PB565 (2), PB567 (57), and PB605 (11) were provided by C. Price (University of California at Davis) and were constructed using previously published procedures (Table 1). Escherichia coli MC1061 was used as th...

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Light affects motility and infectivity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Lights, Rhythms, Infection: The Role of Light and the Circadian Clock in Determining the Outcome of Plant–Pathogen Interactions

Red Light Activates the σ^B-Mediated General Stress Response ofBacillus subtilisvia the Energy Branch of the Upstream Signaling Cascade

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Light affects motility and infectivity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Light regulates attachment, exopolysaccharide production, and nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum through a LOV-histidine kinase photoreceptor

Lights, Rhythms, Infection: The Role of Light and the Circadian Clock in Determining the Outcome of Plant–Pathogen Interactions

Red Light Activates the σB-Mediated General Stress Response ofBacillus subtilisvia the Energy Branch of the Upstream Signaling Cascade

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Red Light Activates the σ^B-Mediated General Stress Response ofBacillus subtilisvia the Energy Branch of the Upstream Signaling Cascade