“…As a result, it imperatively needs techniques to remove pharmaceutical antibiotics-containing wastewater. There have been various methods developed by researchers to eliminate antibiotics such as adsorption (3) , reverse osmosis (4) , advanced oxidation process (5) , and photocatalytic techniques (6)(7)(8) . Among these methods, photocatalyst has been widely used in recent years due to its the eco-friendly operation, inexpensive, and non-toxicity.…”