Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012

Aoki, Teruo; Matoba, Sumito; Yamaguchi, Satoru; Tanikawa, Tomonori; Niwano, Michio; Kuchiki, Katsuyuki; Adachi, Kouji; Uetake, Jun; Motoyama, Hideaki; Hori, Masahiro

doi:10.5331/bgr.32.21

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In Region I (southern TP), the snow was cleaner and had lower concentrations of LAPs comparable to concentrations in the old snow of glaciers (Kaspari et al, 2014). The previous studies also examined concentrations of LAPs in snow from central North America (Doherty et al, 2014(Doherty et al, , 2016Skiles and Painter, 2016;Zatko et al, 2016), northern China (Huang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Ye et al, 2012), Japan (Kuchiki et al, 2015), Europe (Chýlek et al, 1987), the Arctic (Doherty et al, 2010;Forsström et al, 2013), Greenland (Aoki et al, 2014;Zatko et al, 2013), and the Antarctic (Warren and Clark, 1990;Zatko et al, 2013). Concentrations of BC and other water-insoluble LAPs from the TP were mostly similar to those in the snow from northern China (Wang et al, 2013), but higher than those from the Himalayas (Table 2).…”

Section: Distributions Of Lapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bahadur et al (2012) studied aerosol optical properties derived from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements and estimated that, in California, the OC absorption at wavelength of 440 nm was approximately 40 % of the BC absorption. Measurements of hundreds of snow samples revealed that approximately 40 % of the light absorption from impurities in Arctic snow and sea ice is due to non-BC constituents (Doherty et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role for sustaining ecology and society in mountainous regions. Light-absorbing particulates (including black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) deposited on snow can reduce surface albedo and contribute to the near-worldwide melting of snow and ice. This study focused on understanding the role of black carbon and other water-insoluble light-absorbing particulates in the snow cover of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results found that the black carbon, organic carbon, and dust concentrations in snow cover generally ranged from 202 to 17 468 ng g −1 , 491 to 13 880 ng g −1 , and 22 to 846 µg g −1 , respectively, with higher concentrations in the central to northern areas of the TP. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the northern TP was influenced mainly by air masses from Central Asia with some Eurasian influence, and air masses in the central and Himalayan region originated mainly from Central and South Asia. The relative biomassburning-sourced black carbon contributions decreased from ∼ 50 % in the southern TP to ∼ 30 % in the northern TP. The relative contribution of black carbon and dust to snow albedo reduction reached approximately 37 and 15 %, respectively. The effect of black carbon and dust reduced the snow cover duration by 3.1 ± 0.1 to 4.4 ± 0.2 days. Meanwhile, the black carbon and dust had important implications for snowmelt water loss over the TP. The findings indicate that the impacts of black carbon and mineral dust need to be properly accounted for in future regional climate projections, particularly in the high-altitude cryosphere.

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Section: Distributions Of Lapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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“…At the SIGMA-A site, no rainfall was observed on site until 9 July. After 10 July, we encountered continuous rainfall until 14 July (Aoki et al, 2014b;Yamaguchi et al, 2014). Because precipitation is one of the critical parameters for a snowpack model that is used to calculate mass balance of a snowpack, the total amount of precipitation during 10-14 July was estimated on the basis of precipitation collected with a bucket during the period from 12 July, 20:00 UTC, to 14 July, 11:00 UTC, and on the 3-hourly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data (Dee et al, 2011).…”

Section: Meteorological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, we employed data obtained from in situ measurements made at a site named SIGMA (Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic)-A (Aoki et al, 2014a) in northwest Greenland during the 2012 summer intensive observation period (30 June to 14 July, hereafter IOP). During the latter half of the IOP, which coincided with the period of the record near-surface melt event reported by Nghiem et al (2012), we observed remarkable melting of the nearsurface snowpack and encountered continuous rainfall (Aoki et al, 2014b;Yamaguchi et al, 2014). In the process of calculating the SEB, radiation-related terms could be determined from in situ measurements (described in Sect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of extreme snowmelt observed at the SIGMA-A site, northwest Greenland, during summer 2012

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The surface energy balance (SEB) from 30 June to 14 July 2012 at site SIGMA (Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe effects on abrupt warming in the Arctic)-A, (78 • 03 N, 67 • 38 W; 1490 m a.s.l.) on the northwest Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) was investigated by using in situ atmospheric and snow measurements as well as numerical modeling with a one-dimensional multi-layered physical snowpack model called SMAP (Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process). At SIGMA-A, remarkable near-surface snowmelt and continuous heavy rainfall (accumulated precipitation between 10 and 14 July was estimated to be 100 mm) were observed after 10 July 2012. Application of the SMAP model to the GrIS snowpack was evaluated based on the snow temperature profile, snow surface temperature, surface snow grain size, and shortwave albedo, all of which the model simulated reasonably well. Above all, the fact that the SMAP model successfully reproduced frequently observed rapid increases in snow albedo under cloudy conditions highlights the advantage of the physically based snow albedo model (PBSAM) incorporated in the SMAP model. Using such data and model, we estimated the SEB at SIGMA-A from 30 June to 14 July 2012. Radiation-related fluxes were obtained from in situ measurements, whereas other fluxes were calculated with the SMAP model. By examining the components of the SEB, we determined that low-level clouds accompanied by a significant temperature increase played an important role in the melt event observed at SIGMA-A. These conditions induced a remarkable surface heating via cloud radiative forcing in the polar region.

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“…; see Aoki et al, 2014 for details), which is located at the northwestern part of the Greenland ice sheet near Qaanaaq, as depicted in Fig. 2, during 26 June to 16 July 2012.…”

Section: In Situ Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type

Hori

Aoki²,

Tanikawa

et al. 2014

Bulletin of Glacier Research

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The potential of the thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing for discriminating surface snow types was examined by analyzing TIR radiances acquired from space over the Greenland ice sheet. The brightness temperature difference (BTD) between TIR wavelengths of 11 and 12 m was found to increase in accordance with in situ observed evolutions of surface snow type. Spatial and temporal distributions of BTD over the entire ice sheet indicated that BTD has a sensitivity of about 1.2 K for variations of the possible snow types. The observed behaviors of BTD were coincident with those predicted by a radiative transfer calculation using previous in situ measured snow emissivities, although some biases on the order of 0.1-0.3 K remain. The dependence of BTD on the surface snow type was also consistent with the behaviors of snow reflectance at the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength 1.6 m, which is a measure of snow grain size, except for the case of melting wet snow. The inconsistency in the wet snow case was considered to be due to the different optical responses of the TIR and SWIR signals to wet snow, which suggested the possibility of using TIR signals to discriminate wet/dry conditions of snow cover in an old stage. As a result, it is determined that TIR remote sensing has potential not only as an approach supplementary to the SWIR method for assessing surface snow types in daytime but also as the only method for simultaneous retrieval of snow type and surface temperature in nighttime.

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Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012

Cited by 44 publications

References 47 publications

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

Black carbon and mineral dust in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau

Numerical simulation of extreme snowmelt observed at the SIGMA-A site, northwest Greenland, during summer 2012

Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type

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