Ligands and characterization for effective bio‐atom‐transfer radical polymerization

Abstract

Three new morpholine‐based ligands were synthesized and used in the ATRP reactions of free polymers and polymers grown from the surface of a protein in aqueous media. The new ligands were designed in a way that decreased their Lewis basicity with each additional incorporation of a morpholine group (1, 2, and 3). The morpholine‐based ligands significantly slowed the polymerization rates and led to lower dispersities than Et6TREN. Increasing the control of aqueous ATRP correlated well with decreasing ligand basicity.

Dealing with the complexity of conjugated and self‐assembled polymer‐nanostructures using field‐flow fractionation

“…Another approach for the fabrication of PCBs is the direct grafting of polymers using bio-ATRP to increase the molecular sieving properties of protein surface-attached polymers. 23,85 Bicinchoninic acid…”

“…Another approach for the fabrication of PCBs is the direct grafting of polymers using bio‐ATRP to increase the molecular sieving properties of protein surface‐attached polymers. 23 , 85 Bicinchoninic acid assay and DLS were applied to estimate the degree of polymerization (DP), though, with the disadvantage that only average values can be delivered. Furthermore, co‐existing complex structures cannot be detected, because acid hydrolysis leads to a cleavage of the polymer chains.…”

Thermoresponsive Coiled-Coil Peptide–Polymer Grafts

“…TPMA was used as a copper ligand, and as discussed, sodium bromide was added to suppress the dissociation of the Cu­(II)­Br 2 species. TPMA is a tripodal ligand that contains three picolyl substituents that help stabilize the copper in the deactivated state, thus leading to better polymerization control compared with other ligands. ,− Monomer amounts were added on the basis of the desired degree of polymerization (50, 100, or 200 equiv). The reaction was performed in D 2 O to make subsequent NMR analysis easier.…”