Ligandrol (LGD-4033)-Induced Liver Injury

Barbara, Mary; Dhingra, Sadhna; Mindikoğlu, Ayşe L.

doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000370

Cited by 32 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…In most cases, they led to hospitalization and in some cases, a molecular adsorbent recirculating system therapy was required. The content of nutritional supplements available online has been investigated and confirmed presence of the active substance[ 15 , 17 ]. The effects of 1.0 or 3.0 mg of ostarine (enobosarm) on lean body mass has been studied in a randomized, controlled phase 2 trial[ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the time delay between stopping ligandrol and onset of symptoms and the recovery time was similar. Barbara et al [ 15 ] reported a case of a 32-year-old man without previous chronic diseases who was admitted for jaundice and severe weight loss. Weight loss, fatigue, and pruritus started approximately 50 d before presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects abusing ligandrol usually ingest 10 mg daily, the dose included in one tablet of commonly sold preparations which is 10-fold higher than the highest dose used in the clinical study. Lay recommendations suggest taking up to 13-20 mg per day[ 15 ]. Thus, extensive metabolism and longer exposure to very high doses likely generate a myriad of potential metabolites susceptible to haptenization and secondary immune response[ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FDA has also encouraged the reporting of all such cases[ 13 ]. To date, two cases of liver injury associated with ligandrol and one with RAD 140 have been reported in the literature[ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver injury associated with the use of selective androgen receptor modulators and post-cycle therapy: Two case reports and literature review

Koller¹,

Vrbová²,

Mečiarová³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Muscle growth promoters are being developed for the treatment of disease-induced loss of muscle mass. Ligandrol and ostarine are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) with a non-steroidal structure and a presumably more favorable side effect profile. In recent years, these substances with or without “post-cycle therapy” (PCT) are often misused by amateur athletes aiming to promote muscle growth. At the same time, reports on their toxic effects on organ systems are emerging. CASE SUMMARY We report two cases of liver injury in young men who used ligandrol and/or ostarine for a few weeks followed by the use of substances for PCT. Acute liver injury occurred in both cases after stopping SARMs while on PCT. The clinical picture was dominated by jaundice and fatigue. The biochemical pattern showed a mixed type of injury with normal alkaline phosphatase and high concentrations of bilirubin and serum bile acids. Histological evidence showed predominantly cholestatic injury with canalicular bile plugs, ductopenia, and mild hepatocellular damage without significant fibrosis. The patients recovered from the condition after 3 mo. The off target effects of SARMs were likely idiosyncratic, but our report highlights the yet unrecognized effects of other toxic substances used for PCT, supra-therapeutic doses, and the complete absence of monitoring for adverse effects. CONCLUSION Among muscle-building amateur athletes, SARMs (ligandrol or ostarine) and/or substances in PCT may cause cholestatic liver injury with prolonged recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver injury associated with the use of selective androgen receptor modulators and post-cycle therapy: Two case reports and literature review

Koller¹,

Vrbová²,

Mečiarová³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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“…The patient remained in hospital for 24 hours and was prescribed appropriate drugs. We have to bear in mind the fact that the dosage used by this young man was many times higher than the SARMs clinically effective dosages usually used in human trials and experimental animal models (0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, and 1.0 mg) (Barbara et al 2020).…”

Section: Sarms and Their Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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2021

AJSPO

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ATINER is an Athens-based World Association of Academics and Researchers based in Athens.ATINER is an independent and non-profit Association with a Mission to become a forum where Academics and Researchers from all over the world can meet in Athens, exchange ideas on their research and discuss future developments in their disciplines, as well as engage with professionals from other fields. Athens was chosen because of its long history of academic gatherings, which go back thousands of years to Plato"s Academy and Aristotle"s Lyceum. Both these historic places are within walking distance from ATINER"s downtown offices. Since antiquity, Athens was an open city. In the words of Pericles, Athens"…is open to the world, we never expel a foreigner from learning or seeing". ("Pericles" Funeral Oration", in Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War). It is ATINER"s mission to revive the glory of Ancient Athens by inviting the World Academic Community to the city, to learn from each other in an environment of freedom and respect for other people"s opinions and beliefs. After all, the free expression of one"s opinion formed the basis for the development of democracy, and Athens was its cradle. As it turned out, the Golden Age of Athens was in fact, the Golden Age of the Western Civilization. Education and (Re)searching for the "truth" are the pillars of any free (democratic) society. This is the reason why Education and Research are the two core words in ATINER"s name.

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Detection of anabolic agents including selective androgen receptor modulators in samples outside of sport

Bohlin,

Pohanka,

Andersson

et al. 2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) since 2008. Similarly, to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), SARMs are detrimental to health not only in athletes but also in the general population. However, studies of the occurrence of SARMs outside of sport are scarce. Swedish healthcare samples from the Drugs of Abuse Laboratory at Karolinska were analyzed using WADA‐accredited screening methods at the Doping Control Laboratory in Stockholm to estimate the frequency of SARM use outside of the WADA laboratories. Twenty (4%) of the male urine samples (n = 542) were positive for SARMs, whereas none of the analyzed female samples (n = 100) contained any SARMs. The top three SARMs found were LGD‐4033 followed by RAD140 and ostarine. Two or more SARMs were found in >50% of the SARM‐positive samples. AASs were identified in 40% of samples containing SARMs. A difference between genders was observed where 34% male and 7% female samples contained AAS. Many samples displayed testosterone/epitestosterone values indicative of testosterone intake, without presence of other AAS, and hence, there is a risk that these samples are being falsely reported as negative. Our results indicate that SARM use might be a concern outside of sport. Subsequently, in addition to AAS, the healthcare system should also be informed about SARM abuse and the associated adverse side effects.

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Ligandrol (LGD-4033)-Induced Liver Injury

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Liver injury associated with the use of selective androgen receptor modulators and post-cycle therapy: Two case reports and literature review

Liver injury associated with the use of selective androgen receptor modulators and post-cycle therapy: Two case reports and literature review

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Detection of anabolic agents including selective androgen receptor modulators in samples outside of sport

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