CuInSe2 nanocrystals exhibit
tunable near-infrared bandgaps
that bolster utility in photovoltaic applications as well as offer
potential as substitutes for more toxic Cd- and Pb-based semiconductor
compositions. However, they can present a variety of defect states
and unusual photophysics. Here, we examine the effects of ligand composition
(oleylamine, diphenylphosphine, and tributylphosphine) on carrier
dynamics in these materials. Via spectroscopic measurements
such as photoluminescence and transient absorption, we find that ligands
present during the synthesis of CuInSe2 nanocrystals impart
nonradiative electronic states which compete with radiative recombination
and give rise to low photoluminescence quantum yields. We characterize
the nature of these defect states (hole vs electron traps) and investigate
whether they exist at the surface or interior of the nanocrystals.
Carrier lifetimes are highly dependent on ligand identity where oleylamine-capped
nanocrystals exhibit rapid trapping (<20 ps) followed by diphenylphosphine
(<500 ps) and finally tributylphosphine (>2 ns). A majority
of
carrier population localizes at indium copper antisites (electrons),
copper vacancies (holes), or surface traps (electrons and/or holes),
all of which are nonemissive.