Lift response of rapidly actuated leading-edge and trailing-edge control surfaces for MAVs

Panta, Ashim; Watkins, Simon; Marino, Matthew; Fisher, Alex; Abdel‐Rohman, Mohamed

doi:10.2514/6.2019-1397

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The size of the flaps is correlated with response time; larger flaps can generate force more quickly via noncirculatory effects (Mancini et al 2019), but require more power. Flaps on the leading edge of the wing allow their restoring disturbance to grow while convecting along the wing, increasing the device's effectiveness (Panta et al 2019). For a gust encounter that is not amenable to an analytical solution, a data-driven model can provide predictions of wing response and recommendations for kinematics to mitigate that response.…”

Section: Mitigating Gust Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Physics and Modeling of Large Flow Disturbances: Discrete Gust Encounters for Modern Air Vehicles

Jones

Çeti̇ner

Smith

2022

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Gusts of moderate and large magnitude induce flow separation and other complexities when they interact with the lifting surfaces of air vehicles. The presence of these nonlinear gusts are becoming ubiquitous in twenty-first-century air vehicles, where the classic potential flow–based methodologies applied in the past may no longer be valid. In this review, we define the parameter space for the presence of large-amplitude gusts and describe where and when these gusts may primarily be found. Recent research using modern experimental and computational techniques to define the limits of classical unsteady and indicial aerodynamic theories is summarized, with a focus on discrete transverse, streamwise (longitudinal), and vortex gust encounters. We propose areas where future research is needed to transition these studies of large-amplitude gust physics to real-time prediction and mitigation during flight. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 54 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Mitigating Gust Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Physics and Modeling of Large Flow Disturbances: Discrete Gust Encounters for Modern Air Vehicles

Jones

Çeti̇ner

Smith

2022

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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“…Taking time lags into consideration, conventional attitude sensing and control systems of a fixed wing UAV travelling at 10 ms −1 will typically take 0.52 s to react (from sensing to actuation) [7,66] which can be insufficient to mitigate this gust. The combination of phase-advanced sensors, where flow, forward of the UAV, is measured and used as a control input [67], and novel control techniques may be needed [68] to achieve flight control in this type of environment. Examples of the latter include rotations of the entire wing, leadingedge control surfaces [68], or "fast flaps" at the trailing edge [69], which are intended to deflect faster than one convective time, producing lift transients well beyond what would be considered quasi-steady.…”

Section: Estimations Of Perceived Gust For Fixed-wingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gusts Encountered by Flying Vehicles in Proximity to Buildings

Abdel‐Rohman

Marino

Watkins

et al. 2022

Drones

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There is a growing desire to operate Uncrewed Air Vehicles (UAVs) in urban environments for parcel delivery, and passenger-carrying air taxis for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). The turbulent flows and gusts around buildings and other urban infrastructure can affect the steadiness and stability of such air vehicles by generating a highly transient relative flow field. Our aim is to review existing gust models, then consider gust encounters in the vicinity of buildings as experienced by flight trajectories over the roof of a nominally cuboid building in a suburban atmospheric boundary layer. Simplified models of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft are used to illustrate the changes in lift and thrust experienced by flight around the building. The analysis showed that fixed-wing aircraft experienced a substantial increase in angle of attack over a relatively short period of time (<1 s) as they fly through the shear layer at a representative forward velocity, which can be well above typical stall angles. Due to the slow flight speeds required for landing and take-off, significant control authority of rotor systems is required to ensure safe operation due to the high disturbance effects caused by localized gusts from buildings and protruding structures. Currently there appears to be negligible certification or regulation for AAM systems to ensure safe operations when traversing building flow fields under windy conditions and it is hoped that the insights provided in this paper will assist with future certification and regulation.

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“…Future work will explore varying control architectures and configurations (such as the studies with novel control surfaces designs by Panta et al. 27,28 ), comparisons with different conventional aircraft set ups, along with testing without the aid of a roll rig, including testing of the tandem wing configuration heave and pitch characteristics in turbulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring tandem wing UAS designs for operation in turbulent urban environments

Gigacz

Abdel‐Rohman

Poksawat

et al. 2018

International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles

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The stability of small unmanned air systems can be challenged by turbulence during low-altitude flight in cluttered urban environments. This paper explores the benefits of a tandem wing aircraft configuration with the implementation of a pressure-based phase-advanced turbulence sensory system on a small unmanned air system for gust mitigation. The objective was to utilise passive and active methods to minimise gust-induced perturbations. Experimentation in repeatable turbulence within a wind tunnel's test section was conducted. The experiments focus on the roll axis, which is isolated through a specially designed roll-axis rig. The results show improvement over conventional aircraft. This work is part of a larger research project aimed at enabling safe, stable and steady small unmanned air systems flight in urban environments.

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Lift response of rapidly actuated leading-edge and trailing-edge control surfaces for MAVs

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Physics and Modeling of Large Flow Disturbances: Discrete Gust Encounters for Modern Air Vehicles

Physics and Modeling of Large Flow Disturbances: Discrete Gust Encounters for Modern Air Vehicles

Gusts Encountered by Flying Vehicles in Proximity to Buildings

Exploring tandem wing UAS designs for operation in turbulent urban environments

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