Lifetime shift work exposure: association with anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, glucose and heart rate variability

Bernardes‐Souza, Breno; Monteze, Nayara Mussi; Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Pereira de; Oliveira, José Magalhães de; Freitas, Sílvia Nascimento de; Neto, Raimundo Marques do Nascimento; Sales, Maria Lilian; Souza, Gabriela Guerra Leal

doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102429

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This is also consistent with the previous studies in non-firefighter working populations (Hayashi et al 1996; Kubo et al 2013; Nakamura et al 2012; Ohira et al 2000; Souza et al 2015; Su et al 2008; Suwazono et al 2008). However, this study is very unique in demonstrating that long work hours/overtime is an independent significant risk factor among 24-h shift workers, after adjustment for multiple other occupational risk factors (job strain, effort–reward imbalance, and physical demands), which has been unclear (Gilbert-Ouimet et al 2014; Peter et al 1999; Virkkunen et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, despite some evidence for shift work or overtime work as a risk factor for clinically assessed high blood pressure or hypertension in non-firefighter working populations (Hayashi et al 1996; Kubo et al 2013; Nakamura et al 2012; Ohlander et al 2015; Ohira et al 2000; Sakata et al 2003; Souza et al 2015; Su et al 2008; Suwazono et al 2008), none of the studies examined the impact of the unique shift schedules of most US professional firefighters who work a 24-h shift work schedule, including frequent additional/overtime 24-h shifts (Choi et al 2014b). Also, most of the studies have considered only shift work or overtime as the occupational risk factor in analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty-four-hour work shifts, increased job demands, and elevated blood pressure in professional firefighters

Choi

Schnall

Dobson

2016

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose To investigate whether working conditions (number of 24-h shifts, number of calls, sedentary work, job strain, effort–reward imbalance, and physical demands) are associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension among professional firefighters. Methods A total of 330 (321 males and 9 females) firefighters were chosen for this study among the Southern California firefighters who participated in a work and obesity project. Working conditions were measured with a firefighter-specific occupational health questionnaire. Blood pressure was clinically assessed, and hypertension was defined according to the contemporary standard classification. Results About 11 % of the firefighters had hypertension. Fifty percent of the hypertensive firefighters (mostly mild hypertensive) had uncontrolled high blood pressure. Hypertension was more prevalent in male, older, and high-rank firefighters and firefighter who reported low numbers of daily calls. In male firefighters who were normotensive or hypertensive without taking anti-hypertensive medication, additional 24-h shifts in the past month increased the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than those who reported a standard work schedule (eight to eleven 24-h shifts). Particularly, firefighters who reported sixteen 24-h shifts had 5.0 mmHg higher DBP (p < 0.01). Body mass index attenuated the association between number of shifts and blood pressure to some extent. Firefighters who reported “increased job demands over the past years” had 3.0 mmHg (p = 0.06) higher systolic blood pressure. Other working conditions were not associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Conclusions Many additional 24-h shifts and increased job demands were risk factors for elevated blood pressure in male firefighters. Optimal collective and individual workload and improved hypertension management are warranted for enhancing the cardiovascular health of firefighters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-four-hour work shifts, increased job demands, and elevated blood pressure in professional firefighters

Choi

Schnall

Dobson

2016

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…This risk is increased in those who work night shifts for many years, including visceral fat area. 3, 37, 38, 39 Night workers have higher risk to develop diabetes, and in a study with women working night shifts, they showed increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes in 3 years, and the risk gets higher as the working years extend. 40, 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic disturbances due to a high-fat diet in a non-insulin-resistant animal model

et al. 2017

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Objective:Shift workers have metabolic changes more often than day workers. It is also known that night workers prefer foods high in saturated fat. Such data suggest that shift workers are prone to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose an animal model to test the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) based on shift workers' diet.Methods:This is an experimental study with 20 Wistar rats. Ten rats were allocated to the control group (CG) and were fed standard diet. Ten rats were allocated to the experimental group (EG) and were fed HFD (45% fat). Serum triglycerides (TG), glucose and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cho) were measured 5, 10 and 15 weeks after the beginning of the study. The amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was determined. Body weight was assessed weekly, and food and water intake were measured daily. Student's t-test was used for independent samples, and P<0.05 was considered significant.Results:After 15 weeks of intervention, the EG showed increased serum levels of TG (P=0.001) and glucose (P<0.001) and decreased HDL-cho (P<0.001) when compared with the CG. The EG showed increased VAT (P=0.005) and liver weight (P=0.01). Food intake and water intake were higher in the CG (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively), whereas energy intake showed no difference (P=0.48). No difference was found in the weight of adrenal glands (P=0.07) and body weight (P=0.63).Conclusions:The experimental diet was effective to show changes in the serum levels of glucose, TG and HDL-cho and visceral fat in spite of no change in body weight in 15 weeks.

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“…Although work-stress was not specifically addressed in the present study, we adjusted for influence at work (decision authority), which is a psychosocial factor of importance for inactive behavior [ 51 ]. Also, by performing a secondary analysis with exclusion of workers reporting night-shift work, we accounted (at least to some extent) for potential confounding by the occurrence of general fatigue due to irregular work hours [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Sitting is Associated with Attenuated Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Blue-Collar Workers

Hallman

Sato

Kristiansen

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. However, research into the physiological determinants underlying this relationship is still in its infancy. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which occupational and leisure-time sitting are associated with nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) in blue-collar workers. The study included 138 blue-collar workers (mean age 45.5 (SD 9.4) years). Sitting-time was measured objectively for four days using tri-axial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) worn on the thigh and trunk. During the same period, a heart rate monitor (Actiheart) was used to sample R-R intervals from the electrocardiogram. Time and frequency domain indices of HRV were only derived during nighttime sleep, and used as markers of cardiac autonomic modulation. Regression analyses with multiple adjustments (age, gender, body mass index, smoking, job-seniority, physical work-load, influence at work, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) were used to investigate the association between sitting time and nocturnal HRV. We found that occupational sitting-time was negatively associated (p < 0.05) with time and frequency domain HRV indices. Sitting-time explained up to 6% of the variance in HRV, independent of the covariates. Leisure-time sitting was not significantly associated with any HRV indices (p > 0.05). In conclusion, objectively measured occupational sitting-time was associated with reduced nocturnal HRV in blue-collar workers. This indicates an attenuated cardiac autonomic regulation with increasing sitting-time at work regardless of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The implications of this association for cardiovascular disease risk warrant further investigation via long-term prospective studies and intervention studies.

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Lifetime shift work exposure: association with anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, glucose and heart rate variability

Abstract: The association of lifetime shift work exposure with PC2 and PC3 suggests that shift work promotes unfavourable changes in autonomic cardiac control related to a decrease in parasympathetic modulation and an increase in blood pressure.

Cited by 27 publications

References 58 publications

Twenty-four-hour work shifts, increased job demands, and elevated blood pressure in professional firefighters

Twenty-four-hour work shifts, increased job demands, and elevated blood pressure in professional firefighters

Metabolic disturbances due to a high-fat diet in a non-insulin-resistant animal model

Prolonged Sitting is Associated with Attenuated Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Blue-Collar Workers

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