Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 ?m

Kopainsky, B.; Qiu, Ping; Kaiser, W.; Sens, B.; Drexhage, K. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00694363

Cited by 84 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The shorter wavelength transitions of 1 are of considerably lower intensity: v= 28000 cm -1 , e. = 2300 1 • mol -1 cm -1 ; v= 39000cm" 1 , £=11800 1 • mol" 1 cm" 1 in ethanol + 1%HC10 4 . The nitro-group in positions 9 and 11 (4 and 5) as well as the condensed aromatic ring in positions 8, 9 and 10, 11 (6 and 7) do not change the character of the absorption spectrum, relative to 1.…”

Section: A) Absorption Spectramentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Together with being starting compounds for many syntheses, their fluorescence characteristics make them applicable as dyes [2,3,4] and Q-switchers in laser techniques. Some of them are used as precursors for dyes, absorbing in the infrared [3,4], while others -like flavylium salts, are natural compounds. These substances are of theoretical interest also because the problem of the chromophore in the different pyrylium salts cannot be said to be solved [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, Structure and Spectral Properties of Pyrylium Salts and Their Derivatives. I. 5,6-Dihydro-benzo(c)xanthylium Salts

Deligeorgiev

Nikolov

Tyutyulkov

1987

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The synthesis and spectral properties of a group of xanthylium salts are described. The longest wavelength absorption maximum in organic solvents (ethanol, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile) is the region 17 000-20 000 cm -1 , the molar absorptivity exceeding 30 000 1 • mol -1 cm -1 . The fluorescence Frank Condon transition is in the region 16 000-19 000 cm -1 , the fluorescence quantum yield of some of the compounds is greater than 0.9. The relation between the structure and the spectral properties of the molecules is interpreted by means of PPP-quantumchemical calculations.

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Section: A) Absorption Spectramentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Structure and Spectral Properties of Pyrylium Salts and Their Derivatives. I. 5,6-Dihydro-benzo(c)xanthylium Salts

Deligeorgiev

Nikolov

Tyutyulkov

1987

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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“…71,150 Interestingly, the purified sample of DNA-wrapped (6,5) semiconducting SWNTs displayed a QY that was nearly three times greater than that of the heterogeneous, surfactant-wrapped samples. 151 …”

Section: Ensemble Fluorescence Quantum Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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“…By filling the nanoslot with a gain medium consisting of organic fluid and NIR dyes, the light-matter interaction can be strongly enhanced in which an energy-efficient, high-speed operation becomes possible. Among possible choices of NIR dyes, we select IR-26 for at least two reasons: first, IR-26 has a higher photostability due to it molecular structure, showing no degradation after weeks of investigation and light exposure; 28,29 second, its fluorescence band extends past 1.4 µm wavelength, which may be applicable for producing commonly used NIR wavelengths such as 1.31 µm and 1.55 µm. Note that to further enable a low-cost packaging similar to the configuration of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), we enforce a vertical emission out of the nanoslot cavity by a spatial modulation with period of 2a where a is the period of the PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of organic-silicon photonic crystal nanoslot cavity light source

Yang

Lin

et al. 2017

AIP Advances

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We theoretically study a dielectric photonic crystal nanoslot cavity immersed in an organic fluid containing near-infrared dyes by means of a full rate equation model including the complete cavity QED effects. Based on the modeling results, we numerically design an organic-silicon cavity light source in which its mode volume, quality factor, and far-field emission pattern are optimized for energy-efficient, high-speed applications. Dye quantum efficiency improved by two orders of magnitude and 3dB modulation bandwidth of a few hundred GHz can be obtained.

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Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 ?m

Cited by 84 publications

References 11 publications

Synthesis, Structure and Spectral Properties of Pyrylium Salts and Their Derivatives. I. 5,6-Dihydro-benzo(c)xanthylium Salts

Synthesis, Structure and Spectral Properties of Pyrylium Salts and Their Derivatives. I. 5,6-Dihydro-benzo(c)xanthylium Salts

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Optical properties of organic-silicon photonic crystal nanoslot cavity light source

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