Lifetime medical costs attributable to sickle cell disease among nonelderly individuals with commercial insurance

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe monogenic disease associated with high morbidity, mortality, and a disproportionate burden on Black and Hispanic communities. Our objective was to estimate the total healthcare costs and total out-of-pocket costs attributable to SCD among commercially insured individuals over their non-elderly lifetimes (0-64 years of age). We constructed a retrospective cohort of individuals with diagnosed SCD using Truven Health Marketscan commercial claims data from 2007-2018, compared with matched controls from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We estimated Kaplan-Meier sample average costs using previously reported survival curves for SCD and controls. 20,891 individuals with SCD and 33,588 controls were included in our analysis. The SCD sample had a mean age of 25.7 (SD 17.4) years; 58.0% were female. Survival-adjusted costs of SCD peaked at age 13-24 years and declined at older ages. There was no significant difference in total medical costs or OOP costs between the sexes. SCD-attributable costs over 0-64 years of age were estimated to be $1.6 million (95%CI: $1.3M, $1.9M) and $1.7 million (95% CI: $1.4M, $2.1M) for females and males with SCD, respectively. The corresponding OOP estimates were $42,395 (95%CI: $34,756, $50,033) for females and $45,091 (95% CI: $36,491, $53,691) for males. These represent a 907% and 285% increase in total medical and OOP costs over controls, respectively. Although limited to the commercially insured population, these results indicate that the direct economic burden of SCD is substantial and peaks at younger ages, suggesting the need for curative and new medical therapies.

An integrated therapeutic approach to sickle cell disease management beyond infancy

“…Despite hematologic and clinical improvement, VOE continue, hemolytic anemia persists, chronic complications happen, lifespan is shortened while costs of care increase continually. [81][82][83][84][85][86] Health care providers face the dilemma of selecting which diseasemodifying drug should be added to HU to remediate the shortcomings of monotherapy. In clinical trials, both voxelotor and crizanlizumab had additional therapeutic benefits when added to HU.…”

Debating the Future of Sickle Cell Disease Curative Therapy: Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation vs. Gene Therapy

“…Total healthcare costs are estimated to increase with age from USD 892 per month in the <10 age group to USD 2853 per month in the 30–39 age group [ 64 ]. The nonelderly (0–64 years of age) lifetime burden of total medical costs attributable to SCD was USD 1.7 million [ 65 ]. Patients incurred USD 44,000 in out-of-pocket costs due to SCD over their nonelderly lifetimes.…”

Healthcare coordination and medical expenditures for Sickle Cell Disease patients with different levels of health utilization risk

“…The utilization of acute care services was predicted to be associated with total expenditures because published studies show that acute inpatient expenditures are the dominant cost in SCD 39,40 . As expected, inpatient expenditures mirrored the trends of total expenditures across the three risk group categories (see Table 2).…”