Lifetime maximization of lead-acid batteries in small scale UPS and distributed generation systems

Bashir, Noman; Sardar, Hira Shahzad; Nasir, Mashood; Hassan, Naveed Ul; Khan, Hassan Abbas

doi:10.1109/ptc.2017.7980993

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that lead-acid SOC variation within the allowable SOC levels is likely to affect battery life. However, this aspect can be further incorporated through lifetime maximization techniques [56].…”

Section: Case Study Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storage remains the weakest (and the most expensive) link in the current backup systems and more work on the longevity of storage in intermittent scenarios is essential. Batteries generally account for 20%-50% of the upfront system cost in small-scale solar PV backup systems and may even account for up to 75% in the lifetime cost [56,57]. Lead-acid batteries are primarily used for backup applications while lithium (Li) based batteries are now also competing in the residential market (with the advent of Tesla Powerwall and others) [58].…”

Section: Open Issues and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These Li batteries are more efficient and have high cycle life (maximum 5000 cycles) but are generally expensive (200-800 $/KWh) compared to lead-acid batteries (30-150 $/KWh). The cycle life of lead-acid batteries is relatively poor (typically 800-1000 cycles) which is a critical concern in the longevity of a backup system [56]. The price of a typical 1 kW UPS system in developing countries ranges from 180 to 200 $ [18].…”

Section: Open Issues and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Nasir

Khan

et al. 2019

Energies

Self Cite

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Renewable energy incorporation in many countries takes different forms. In many developed countries, grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) installations are widely coupled with lucrative Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT). However, conventional grid-tied solutions are not readily viable in many developing countries mainly due to intermittent grids with load shedding and, in some cases, lack of net-metering or FiT. Load shedding refers to an intentional electrical power shutdown by the utility company where electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over different parts of the distribution region. This results in a non-continuous availability of the utility grid for many consumers over the course of a day. In this work, the key challenges in the integration of solar energy explicitly in residential power back-up units are reviewed and system hardware level requirements to allow optimized solar PV utilization in such intermittent grid environments are analyzed. Further, based upon the low-cost sensing and real-time monitoring scheme, an online optimization framework enabling efficient solar incorporation in existing systems to achieve minimum grid dependence in intermittent grid environments is also provided. This work is particularly targeted for over 1.5 billion residents of semi-electrified regions in South Asia and Africa with the weak and intermittent grid.

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Section: Case Study Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Issues and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Issues and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Nasir

Khan

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Here, the SOC min FIGURE 5 Total daily grid utilization (G = G u + G l ) for the test scenario and SOC max are the minimum and maximum allowable charge percentage of the battery which are a critical parameter for lifetime estimation of batteries. 44 Figure 8 shows the graph of power delivered from solar directly to the load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, during midday operation, when the sun is at its peak and highest solar power is readily available, and also the battery is fully charged, ie, it has approached θ max , then after fulfilling the load demand, extra solar may cause overcharging of the battery and may deteriorate its life. 44 Therefore, (4) constraints the overcharging of the battery. Similarly, depth of discharge is another factor affecting the battery life; therefore, to ensure the longevity of the battery, it is ensured that battery never discharged below its minimum allowable threshold of SOC and associated θ min .…”

Section: Inequality Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal power dispatch in solar‐assisted uninterruptible power supply systems

Siraj

Awais

Khan

et al. 2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Many countries in the developing world undergo regular power outages (scheduled and nonscheduled) due to lack of sufficient generation capability or transmission and distribution bottlenecks. Therefore, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems are commonly installed to critical power loads during daily power outages. While the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) with these UPSs has seen rapid growth in recent years, their incorporation in conventional topologies is highly suboptimal. Therefore, in this work, we formulate a mathematical framework for optimal solar PV integration with domestic UPS systems for minimum cost solution incorporating all relevant system constraints and requisite system losses. We also propose and develop a retrofitting technological solution to integrate solar PV with typical UPS systems for optimal system operation. Results show that the proposed methodology and system implementation can achieve cost savings of up to 40.6% compared with conventional UPS system (without solar) in typical scenarios. In addition, with the proposed optimized utilization of PV, the grid utilization is decreased by 75% compared with the conventional case where UPS is integrated with solar using standard maximum power point charge controllers. This work is therefore highly useful for many developing regions with intermittent grids.

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Efficiency and energy‐loss analysis for hybridAC/DCdistribution systems and microgrids: A review

Charadi

Chaibi

Redouane

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Historically, the development and design of distribution systems (DSs) and microgrids (MGs) were based primarily on alternating current (AC) as a traditional approach due to many advantages such as eliminating the need for synchronization, as well as the ease of integrating distributed energy resources (DERs). Recently, given the democratization of DER through local installations of renewable energy systems and appliances using power electronics, direct current microgrids (DC‐MGs) are gaining more and more momentum. In order to enable durable and economically viable use by integrating DC and AC DERs into microgrids, hybrid AC/DC microgrids (HMGs‐AC/DC) present one of the most promising approaches in eliminating the need for AC‐DC or DC‐AC conversions. The improvement of energy efficiency, protection, management, and control of this kind of systems are relevant research topics. This article provides an overview of theoretical works and industrial applications of hybrid AC/DC microgrids/distribution systems. In addition, an efficiency/energy‐losses study of different literature‐based works is discussed. Accordingly, a critical analysis is provided, and research perspectives related to this subject are outlined. This review article can be considered as a guide for future research on the efficiency and energy losses of hybrid AC/DC distribution systems/microgrids.

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Lifetime maximization of lead-acid batteries in small scale UPS and distributed generation systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform

Optimal power dispatch in solar‐assisted uninterruptible power supply systems

Efficiency and energy‐loss analysis for hybridAC/DCdistribution systems and microgrids: A review

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