Lifetime enhanced energy efficient wireless sensor networks using renewable energy

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a remote environment with randomly deployed sensor nodes, with an initial energy of E0 (J) and a solar panel. A hierarchical clustering technique is implemented. At each round, the normal nodes send the sensed data to the nearest cluster head (CH) which is chosen on the probability value. Data after aggregation at CHs is sent to the base station (BS). CH requires more energy than normal nodes. Here, we energize only CHs if their energy is less than 5% of its initial value with the use of solar energy. We evaluate parameters like energy consumption, the lifetime of the network, and data packets sent to CH and BS. The obtained results are compared with existing techniques. The proposed protocol provides better energy efficiency and network lifetime. The results show increased stability with delayed death of the first node. The network lifetime of the proposed protocol is compared to the multi-level hybrid energy efficient distributed (MLHEED) technique and low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) variants. Network lifetime is enhanced by 13.35%. Energy consumption is reduced with respect to MLHEED-4, 5, and 6 by 7.15%, 12.10%, and 14.975% respectively. The no. of packets transferred to the BS is greater than the MLHEED protocol by 39.03%.

Design and implementation of duty cycle-based futuristic clustering technique in WSN

“…The model is presented in Figure 1 as the basis for implementing the duty cycle-based approach [1]. In Figure 1, a monitoring area of 100×100 sq.m is considered with 100 sensor nodes randomly dispersed [1]. The neighbor node distances are calculated using Euclidean distance formula.…”

“…Based on the number of neighbors and the distance, certain nodes are maintained in awake mode and others are switched to sleep mode. The nodes in awake mode carry out the steps as in [1] for CH selection, data packets transfer to CH, data aggregation and then the data packets transfer to BS. Depending on the residual energy of CH, solar energy is used for re-energizing the CH.…”

“…Network performance is evaluated for following performance parameters: duty cycle of nodes for various cases namely; when CH is considered at minimum distance, mean distance, and maximum distance from the nodes. The results obtained are compared with [1] results and analyzed. All the assumptions, pre-set simulation parameters are maintained as in [1] to establish a comparative result analysis.…”

“…Duty cycle of each sensor node in the network can be varied based on any one of the parameters viz, transmission time, distance between nodes and speed of dynamic nodes. Tagare and Narendra [1] we proposed an energy efficient clustering technique with the use of renewable solar energy. The CH would be selected based on  ISSN: 2502-4752 Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol.…”

“…The requirement of a WSN is to achieve an energy efficient WSN with improved network lifetime [30], [31]. Even though many optimization techniques and algorithms are implemented [32], still there exists a need to identify more energy efficient algorithms for WSN with duty cycle approach.…”