“…The data also show that the resistance increases as the actuation is repeated and a strain beyond the elastic range of Ag-sRTV is applied. In the same structured actuator, when pneumatic actuation was applied, a similar bending angle showed about a 20% strain variation [60]. In Figure S13 in the Supplementary Materials, a sharp increase in resistance is observed at a 20% strain for the non-structured conductor.…”
Section: Fully 3d-printed Soft Actuators Embedded In Expandable Soft ...mentioning
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has various applications in many fields, such as soft electronics, robotic systems, biomedical implants, and the recycling of thermoplastic composite materials. Three-dimensional printing, which was only previously available for prototyping, is currently evolving into a technology that can be utilized by integrating various materials into customized structures in a single step. Owing to the aforementioned advantages, multi-functional 3D objects or multi-material-designed 3D patterns can be fabricated. In this study, we designed and fabricated 3D-printed expandable structural electronics in a substrateless auxetic pattern that can be adapted to multi-dimensional deformation. The printability and electrical conductivity of a stretchable conductor (Ag-RTV composite) were optimized by incorporating a lubricant. The Ag-RTV and RTV were printed in the form of conducting voxels and frame voxels through multi-nozzle printing and were arranged in a negative Poisson’s ratio pattern with a missing rib structure, to realize an expandable passive component. In addition, the expandable structural electronics were embedded in a soft actuator via one-step printing, confirming the possibility of fabricating stable interconnections in expanding deformation via a missing rib pattern.
“…The data also show that the resistance increases as the actuation is repeated and a strain beyond the elastic range of Ag-sRTV is applied. In the same structured actuator, when pneumatic actuation was applied, a similar bending angle showed about a 20% strain variation [60]. In Figure S13 in the Supplementary Materials, a sharp increase in resistance is observed at a 20% strain for the non-structured conductor.…”
Section: Fully 3d-printed Soft Actuators Embedded In Expandable Soft ...mentioning
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has various applications in many fields, such as soft electronics, robotic systems, biomedical implants, and the recycling of thermoplastic composite materials. Three-dimensional printing, which was only previously available for prototyping, is currently evolving into a technology that can be utilized by integrating various materials into customized structures in a single step. Owing to the aforementioned advantages, multi-functional 3D objects or multi-material-designed 3D patterns can be fabricated. In this study, we designed and fabricated 3D-printed expandable structural electronics in a substrateless auxetic pattern that can be adapted to multi-dimensional deformation. The printability and electrical conductivity of a stretchable conductor (Ag-RTV composite) were optimized by incorporating a lubricant. The Ag-RTV and RTV were printed in the form of conducting voxels and frame voxels through multi-nozzle printing and were arranged in a negative Poisson’s ratio pattern with a missing rib structure, to realize an expandable passive component. In addition, the expandable structural electronics were embedded in a soft actuator via one-step printing, confirming the possibility of fabricating stable interconnections in expanding deformation via a missing rib pattern.
“…The mechanical performance of 3D printed elastomers plays a pivotal role in various applications across a diverse range of soft robotics and wearable devices to biomedical engineering [1][2][3]. In the field of soft robotics, the elastomers employed must possess elastomers that can withstand repetitive deformations and exhibit high tensile strength [4].…”
The mechanical performance of 3D printed elastomers is crucial for various applications including soft robotics, wearable devices, and biomedical engineering. This study investigates the impact of different structured patterns, namely vertical and crosswise vertical SC, on the strength and mechanical performance of 3D printed elastomers. Through a series of experimental tests and numerical simulations, it was found that the cross-shaped structure exhibited the best strength among the tested patterns. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the unique arrangement of the crosswise structure, which effectively distributes stress and reduces strain concentration. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the design and fabrication of high-performance 3D printed elastomers, paving the way for the development of advanced materials and devices with improved mechanical properties.
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