Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill health: a cross-sectional study of Swedish male and female clinical and population samples

Simmons, Johanna; Wijma, Barbro; Swahnberg, Katarina

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2311-3

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Finkelhor and colleagues use the term poly-victim to refer to those children who experience high levels of multiple forms of victimisation (Finkelhor et al, 2011). Not only do poly-victims experience high numbers of victimisations, but they also experience victimisation in different contexts Simmons, Wijma, & Swahnberg, 2015). For this reason, poly-victims have a higher likelihood of maladjustment given the more severe symptomatology associated with the co-occurrence of victimisation (Cyr, Clement, & Chamberland, 2014;Voith et al, 2014).…”

Section: Poly-victimisation In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The frequency and predictors of poly-victimisation of South African children and the role of schools in its prevention

Leoschut¹,

Kafaar

2017

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Violence has become a characteristic feature of South African society, with women and children often bearing the brunt of this. Contemporary research suggests that the key to stemming the tide of child victimisation is understanding the complete inventory of victimisations that may co-occur during childhood. There is growing recognition that children in South Africa typically experience abuse in the context of other forms of maltreatment and victimisation. This article draws on the empirical data collected for a national prevalence and incidence study on child sexual abuse and maltreatment in South Africa and draws attention to the frequency of poly-victimisation amongst South African children and highlights why some children experience multiple co-occurring forms of victimisations while others do not. Understanding the complete victim profile of young children, and how the different forms of victimisation they experience intersect, is critical to ensuring that the most vulnerable South Africans are provided with the extensive and targeted interventions required to break free from their heightened vulnerability to victimisation.

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Section: Poly-victimisation In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The frequency and predictors of poly-victimisation of South African children and the role of schools in its prevention

Leoschut¹,

Kafaar

2017

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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“…There is urgent need to consider how health is affected by the accumulation of co-occurring and interconnecting multiple experiences of violence across the lifespan as perpetrator and target [2][3][4]. Yet measurement primarily relies on presence/absence or frequency of one or two types (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual) or contexts (intimate partner relationships, workplaces, families) at a particular point in time (e.g., childhood, adulthood) and ignores other dimensions of violence severity [5,6]. We did not find any comprehensive measure of cumulative lifetime violence severity as target and perpetrator for use in studies of violence and men's health.…”

Section: Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity Scale: Development Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some scales have pre-classified specific acts as more or less severe based on independent assessment of potential to cause harm, or egregiousness, by persons who may never have had similar experiences [20][21][22]. When measures of violence severity do not consider the perspective of the target or perpetrator, the classification of severity is arbitrary because it is not made relative to an individual's context [6]. Severity is a complex construct with potential to reflect a continuum in problem magnitude through multiple dimensions including frequency and multiplicity of behaviors, subjective appraisal of the problem seriousness, polyvictimization, and intrusiveness of behavior [5].…”

Section: Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative lifetime violence severity scale: development and initial testing among men

et al. 2020

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Background: Knowledge of the relationship between men's health and violence is flawed by narrow and faulty conceptualization and measurement of violence that often results in attribution of health problems to one form or type of violence without consideration of other exposures. Our purpose is to describe the development and initial testing of the Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity scale designed for use in health research to measure men's perceptions of the severity of their cumulative lifetime violence. Methods: We framed the dimensions of violence severity as: type (physical, psychological, sexual), timing (childhood, adulthood), focus (perpetrator, target), context, frequency, and degree of distress. Items reflecting these dimensions were vetted by local experts including individuals who identified as men, with particular attention to meaningful language for men. The measure was pretested, revised to 64 items, and tested for test-retest reliability prior to use in a study of 685 English-speaking Eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years. We used Principal Components Analysis to illuminate the underlying dimensionality of the items. Results: Principal Components Analysis yielded a 44-item 11 component solution that accounted for 64.06% of variance with good model fit and a Cronbach's alpha of .92. All dimensions of our conceptualization of violence severity were reflected in the components, except Adult Target Sexual Violence. Convergent validity between the Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity-44 Scale and a global lifetime violence rating scale was r = .750 (p < .001) and concurrent validity was moderate and significant between the Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity-44 scale and measures of mental health problems commonly experienced by people with violence histories. Conclusions: The Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity-44 scale shows promise as the first comprehensive measure of cumulative lifetime violence for health research that considers gender, individual distress and experiences as both perpetrator and target. Next steps include further exploratory analysis with a more diverse sample of men and confirmatory factor analysis.

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“…physical, sexual, or psychological) is common and can be perpetrated by more than one person during the lifetime of the women exposed (14,15). The patterns of polyvictimization are though not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of sexual violence among women seeking services at a family planning unit in Sweden

Öberg

Skalkidou

Heimer

2019

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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Background: Experiences of sexual violence among women can lead to ill health and increase the risk of lifetime co-occurrence of violence. Identifying risk factors and victims facilitates development of effective programmes for treatment and prevention of additional violence. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual violence experiences among women seeking care at a family planning unit in Sweden. A secondary aim was to examine associations between sexual violence and other types of violence. Methods: Women ( n = 1226) seeking services at a family planning unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, answered a questionnaire and were interviewed about experiences of sexual violence. Bivariate associations were examined using the chi-square test. Results: Experiences of sexual violence were reported by 27% of the participants, of which 57% were exposed when they were younger than 18 years old. Women with experiences of sexual violence were more likely to have lower education ( P = 0.024), were students or without occupation ( P = 0.037), and were not in a current relationship ( P < 0.001). Women with experiences of non-partner sexual violence were more likely to have experiences of intimate partner violence ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of sexual violence was high among the respondents. Many women were young when they were exposed to violence, and lifetime co-occurrence of violence was common among women with experiences of non-partner sexual violence.

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Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill health: a cross-sectional study of Swedish male and female clinical and population samples

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

The frequency and predictors of poly-victimisation of South African children and the role of schools in its prevention

The frequency and predictors of poly-victimisation of South African children and the role of schools in its prevention

Cumulative lifetime violence severity scale: development and initial testing among men

Experiences of sexual violence among women seeking services at a family planning unit in Sweden

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