Lifestyle factors and the risk of varicose veins Edinburgh Vein Study

Lee, Dean A.; Evans, C. Lawrence; Allan, Paul L.; Ruckley, C. V.; Fowkes, F. G. R.

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00518-8

Cited by 177 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Body height significantly influences venous pressure with an increase in pressure in upright resting position. 6,24 However, in our series, there was no significant difference in height of the patients in the various weight categories. The BMI is used in studies investigating the prevalence of obesity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…22 In contrast, in the Edinburgh Vein Study, the prevalence of varicose veins was higher in men. 6 However, we found that there were significantly more women in all of the three weight categories. In this present study, we did not randomize the population studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The fact that the results had not been adjusted for age may especially contribute to the observed gender differences. Whether increased BMI is more of a risk factor for varicose veins in women than in men, which had been described by the Edinburgh Vein Study, 6 cannot be confirmed with our study setup and needs to be further investigated. BMI is the body weight in relation to the total body surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…5 That lifestyle factors play a role in the development of clinically significant venous disease has also been investigated in the Edinburgh vein study, which showed that in both genders, increasing height was in significant relationship with varicose veins. 6 With an increase in body height, the pressure measured in the veins of the foot increases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux

Vines

Gemayel

Christenson

2013

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux

Vines

Gemayel

Christenson

2013

Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders

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“…Furthermore, varicose veins are demonstrated to be autosomal-dominant with incomplete penetrance. Offspring have a 90% chance of developing varicose veins if their parents have them (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQGAP1 modulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to estrogen

Huang

Jin

Zhou

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Abstract. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration has been proven to be a critical event in the development of varicosity. Variations in estrogen levels, a pathological event related to age and pregnancy, play a role in the pathogenesis of varicosity. Previous studies have reported a different response of VSMCs following estrogen stimulation. However, the exact mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we examined the responses of lesion and normal VSMCs treated with 10 -8 M 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) for 24 h. A differential effect of exposure to E 2 was observed in these cells. IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a scaffold protein, was overexpressed in the lesion VSMCs and was shown to modulate VSMC proliferation and migration in response to E 2 . Furthermore, the increased expression of IQGAP1 was found to be intimately associated with a high activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα), which has been implicated in the regulation of VSMC physiological function. Additionally, we found that two critical kinases, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mediated the activation of ERα and VSMC proliferation. According to our results, we thus concluded that high levels of IQGAP1 in VSMCs regulate the physiological reaction of the cells in response to estrogen exposure, and that kinases are involved in the process by mediating ERα activation. In view of the essential role of IQGAP1 in the physiological function of VSMCs, targeting this molecule may prove to be a promising strategy for the treatment of varicosity.

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Management of Varicose Veins and Venous Insufficiency

Hamdan

2012

JAMA

116

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Chronic venous disease, reviewed herein, is manifested by a spectrum of signs and symptoms, including cosmetic spider veins, asymptomatic varicosities, large painful varicose veins, edema, hyperpigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis of skin, and ulceration. However, there is no definitive stepwise progression from spider veins to ulcers and, in fact, severe skin complications of varicose veins, even when extensive, are not guaranteed. Treatment options range from conservative (eg, medications, compression stockings, lifestyle changes) to minimally invasive (eg, sclerotherapy or endoluminal ablation), invasive (surgical techniques), and hybrid (combination of ≥1 therapies). Ms L, a 68-year-old woman with varicose veins, is presented. She has had vein problems over the course of her life. Her varicose veins recurred after initial treatment, and she is now seeking guidance regarding her current treatment options.

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Lifestyle factors and the risk of varicose veins Edinburgh Vein Study

Cited by 177 publications

References 43 publications

The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux

The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux

IQGAP1 modulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to estrogen

Management of Varicose Veins and Venous Insufficiency

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