Lifestyle enterprising: the ‘ambiguity work’ of Swedish horse-farmers

International winter tourism entrepreneurs in northern Sweden: understanding migration, lifestyle, and business motivations

“…Yet, there were also a few younger to middle-aged migrants for whom travelling and living abroad, gaining new experiences and becoming more independent were important push factors for migration (see Eimermann, 2017;Iversen & Jacobsen, 2016). For them, self-employment was an important part of the new challenges they sought, and a common strategy was to convert outdoor leisure interests into profitable business opportunities (see Cederholm, 2015;Marchant & Mottiar, 2011;Shaw & Williams, 2004). Again, such motivations were closely intertwined with northern locational values.…”

“…Other distinctions have been made between entrepreneurs for whom the business is the primary source of income, and those who consider it as a side activity requiring little financial and time commitment (Ioannides & Petersen, 2003;Peters et al, 2009). Some entrepreneurs pursue a tourism business because of previous industry experiences and a passion for tourism, while others may consider tourism as a "lesser evil" or simply more compatible with family and lifestyle priorities (Cederholm, 2015;Iversen & Jacobsen, 2016;Komppula, 2004;Morrison, 2006). Some reject traditional economic growth ideologies and are more driven by a desire to share their lifestyle passions with like-minded guests rather than economic concerns (Ateljevic & Doorne, 2000;Cederholm & Hultman, 2010;Helgadóttir & Sigurðardóttir, 2008;Lundberg & Fredman, 2012).…”

“…A common perception was that tourism self-employment was a more enjoyable income option than jobs that would compromise their lifestyle interests. Converting their hobbies into business models was therefore common, demonstrating the blurring of lifestyle consumption and production (Cederholm, 2015;Shaw & Williams, 2004).…”

“…Consumptive motivations can also relate to particular experiences associated with counter-urban living (peace, tranquillity, escapism), more quality time with the family, or the exotic "otherness" of a place (e.g. different climate, landscapes, cultures) (Carlsen et al, 2008;Cederholm, 2015;Komppula, 2004;Lundberg & Fredman, 2012).…”

Passionately yours: Managing emotional and spatial boundaries in lifestyle-based hospitality businesses

“…Finally, boundaries may cause particular confusion when working at home with customers who come there, as is the case in this study. Hosting businesses are generally good examples of this acute emotional dilemma regarding what is private and what is public (Brandth and Haugen 2012;Cederholm 2015;Cederholm and Hultman 2010;Cederholm & Åkerström 2016;Di Domenico and Lynch 2007;Lashley and Morrison 2003). Such work makes several boundaries more apparent.…”