Lifestyle and Risk of Hypertension: Follow-Up of a Young Pre-Hypertensive Cohort

Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of developing hypertension in pre-hypertensive patients.Study design: A longitudinal study.Setting & participants: Randomly selected pre-hypertensive young adults 20-45 years old without any vascular disease such as stroke or diabetes.Predictors: Four lifestyle factors (a body mass index [BMI] of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, regular physical activity, no alcohol use and 6-8 h of sleep per day), individually and in combination.Outcomes: Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, or a diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension.Measurements: Multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards.Results: During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 1009 patients were enrolled in our study, and 182 patients developed hypertension. Compared with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 and a BMI of >30 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk of hypertension occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.84 and HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.01-6.80, respectively). Compared with sleep duration of >8 h/day, 6-8 h/day of sleep was associated with a lower risk of hypertension occurrence (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.86). There were no statistically significant associations between physical activity or alcohol use and hypertension occurrence (P>0.05).Limitation: All lifestyle factors were measured only once.Conclusion: Healthy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and sleep duration (6-8 h/day) were associated with a lower risk of the occurrence of hypertension in pre-hypertension patients.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Comorbidities among Hypertensive Patients in China

“…In China, there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of hypertension during the past decade. Interestingly the increasing trend of hypertension prevalence varies across different populations 12-18. That trend induces researchers' interests and effort in investigating possible risk factors of hypertension, and in turn analyzing the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases as hypertension's comorbidities.…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Hypertensive Patients of Tertiary Care Hospital

“…In a study, compared with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 , a BMI of 25-30 kg/m 2 and a BMI of >30 kg/m 2 were associated with an increased risk of hypertension occurrence. [24] In the present study, the urinary creatinine level was found to be significantly (p=0.018) higher among the study group (1.37±0.86) compared to controls (1.00±0.38). Hasit et al [25] observed that the urinary albumin creatinine ratio was lesser than the established microalbuminuric range of 30-300 mg/g, in both study and controls irrespective of the values obtained for lipid profile and anthropometric indices.…”

National survey: Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease after the development of cardiovascular disease

“…These factors were studied that they were associated with the success of goal attainments in CVD risk factors. [29][30][31][32][33] The different categories of healthcare coverage were not associated with the achievement for controlling CVD risk factors. It is implied that the patients do not have problems for the accessibility to health services and the quality of health services among these healthcare coverages are equal.…”

“…The multivariate analysis showed that the associated factors for patients to achieved target LDL‐C level < 70 mg/dL were patients with age > 65 years while the patients who were less likely to achieve target BP and HbA1C were patients having BMI ≥23 kg/m 2 and patients with duration of diabetes more than 10 years. These factors were studied that they were associated with the success of goal attainments in CVD risk factors …”