Lifespan Persistence of ADHD

Turgay, Atilla; Goodman, D. W.; Asherson, Philip; Lasser, Robert; Babcock, T.; Pucci, Michael L.; Barkley, Russell A.

doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06628

Cited by 163 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Other studies have revealed higher levels of discontinuation in adults [37–40]. Continuity of drug treatment may be compromised when patients transition from the adolescent health and social care systems to the adult system [10, 41], and some physicians may be reluctant to prescribe ADHD drugs to adults [1, 2, 4, 8]. We observed a higher proportion of early discontinuation and drug switching among users who initiated treatment with atomoxetine than those initiating treatment with methylphenidate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of drugs for ADHD among adults—a multinational study among 15.8 million adults in the Nordic countries

Karlstad

Zoëga

Furu

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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PurposeThe use of ADHD drugs among adults is controversial and has until recently not been approved for use in adults in most countries. The aim was to investigate use of ADHD drugs (stimulants and atomoxetine) among the entire adult population in the Nordic countries.MethodsWe conducted a multinational population-based prescription register study based on the entire adult population in the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). All users of ADHD drugs aged 18–64 years during 2008–2012 were included, which for 2012 comprised 76,896 drug users among 15.8 million adult inhabitants.ResultsAnnual prevalence of drug use increased during the study period for both genders and all age groups. The overall prevalence increased from 2.4 to 5.3 per 1000 men and 1.8 to 4.4 per 1000 women. Incidence also increased, but to a lesser extent in the last part of the study period. Methylphenidate was used by 88 % of drug users. Treatment was discontinued within the first year by 21 % of new drug users. Among all users of ADHD drugs, 53 % of men and 64 % of women concurrently used other psychotropic drugs, most frequently antidepressants and hypnotics. Psychotropic co-medication increased with age and was more pronounced among women than men.ConclusionsUse of ADHD drug among adults more than doubled over a 5-year period, and a majority were concurrently treated with other psychotropics. Adults constitute a substantial proportion of persons treated with ADHD drugs. Thus, evidence for long-term efficacy and safety in adults is urgently needed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2125-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of drugs for ADHD among adults—a multinational study among 15.8 million adults in the Nordic countries

Karlstad

Zoëga

Furu

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…DSM-5 Task Force., 2013). ADHD persists into adulthood in up to 65% of cases (Faraone et al, 2006; Simon et al, 2009; Turgay et al, 2012), affects the ability to gain and maintain employment (Kessler et al, 2009; Kupper et al, 2012), and is associated with an increased risk for substance abuse (Wilens et al, 1995; Upadhyaya, 2008; Groenman et al, 2013), obesity (Cortese et al, 2008; Nazar et al, 2012; Albayrak et al, 2013; Nazar et al, 2014), workplace injuries (Swensen et al, 2004; Breslin and Pole, 2009; Hodgkins et al, 2011), and traffic accidents (Barkley et al, 1993; Jerome et al, 2006a, b; Barkley and Cox, 2007; Merkel et al, 2013). Though less often discussed, motor impairments are prominent among children with ADHD (Barkley, 1998) and up to 50% of pediatric ADHD patients are also comorbid for developmental coordination disorder (Kadesjo and Gillberg, 1999; Pitcher et al, 2003; Gillberg et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in inhibitory force control in young adults with ADHD

et al. 2017

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Poor inhibitory control is a well-established cognitive correlate of adults with ADHD. However, the simple reaction time (RT) task used in a majority of studies records performance errors only via the presence or absence of a single key press. This all-or-nothing response makes it impossible to capture subtle differences in underlying processes that shape performance. Subsequently, all-or-nothing tasks may underestimate the prevalence of executive function deficits in ADHD. The current study measured inhibitory control using a standard Go/No-Go RT task and a more sensitive continuous grip force task among adults with (N = 51, 22 female) and without (N = 51, 29 female) ADHD. Compared to adults without ADHD, adults with ADHD made more failed inhibits in the classic Go/No-Go paradigm and produced greater and more variable force during motor inhibition. The amount of force produced on failed inhibits was a stronger predictor of ADHD-related symptoms than the number of commissions in the standard RT task. Adults with ADHD did not differ from those without ADHD on the mean force and variability of force produced in Go trials. These findings suggest that the use of a precise and continuous motor task, such as the force task used here, provides additional information about the nature of inhibitory motor control in adults with ADHD.

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“…; DSM-5 ; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) replaced the term “subtypes” with “presentations” to reflect the observation that symptoms can manifest differently over time. As individuals with ADHD become older, symptoms can decrease in severity, with inattentive symptoms generally being more persistent than hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (Turgay et al, 2012; Wilens et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ADHD is often described as a childhood disorder, and can remit over time, ADHD symptoms persist into adulthood in about two thirds of cases, with associated impairment across multiple domains (Biederman, Petty, Evans, Small, & Faraone, 2010; Faraone, Biederman, & Mick, 2006; Turgay et al, 2012). Previous research has identified several risk factors for the persistence of childhood ADHD into adulthood: a family history of ADHD (Biederman et al, 1996; Biederman et al, 2010; Biederman, Petty, O’Connor, Hyder, & Faraone, 2012), ADHD symptom severity and associated impairment (Biederman, Petty, Clarke, Lomedico, & Faraone, 2011; Kessler et al, 2005; Lara et al, 2009), and comorbidity with conduct, oppositional defiant, mood, and anxiety disorders (Biederman et al, 1996; Biederman et al, 2011; Biederman et al, 2010; Biederman et al, 2012; Lara et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

et al. 2016

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Objective To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.

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Lifespan Persistence of ADHD

Cited by 163 publications

References 111 publications

Use of drugs for ADHD among adults—a multinational study among 15.8 million adults in the Nordic countries

Use of drugs for ADHD among adults—a multinational study among 15.8 million adults in the Nordic countries

Deficits in inhibitory force control in young adults with ADHD

Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

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