Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise prevents age‐ and Western diet‐ induced vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in mice
Abstract:Key points
The results of the present study establish the temporal pattern of age‐related vascular dysfunction across the adult lifespan in sedentary mice consuming a non‐Western diet, and the underlying mechanisms
The results demonstrate that consuming a Western diet accelerates and exacerbates vascular ageing across the lifespan in sedentary mice
They also show that lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise has remarkable protective effects on vascular function throughout the lifespan, in the setting of ageing al… Show more
“…Moreover, environmental factors as air pollution [ 19 20 21 ], physical activity [ 25 26 ], and diet [ 27 28 ] greatly influences senescence biomarkers and MetS development.…”
Section: Senescence and Metabolic Syndromementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, biological pathways leading to senescence are influenced by physical activity [ 25 26 82 ] and nutritional intake [ 27 28 51 ]. Also air pollution has been associated with accelerated senescence, lower 25(OH)D levels, and increased risk of MeTS [ 19 83 ].…”
Section: Role Of Lifestyle and Environmentmentioning
The elderly population is rapidly increasing; hence, the disability due to age-related diseases has become an important socioeconomic burden. Amongst age-related diseases cardiovascular ones (CVD) have a huge impact on morbidity and mortality and are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several studies investigated the role of hypovitaminosis D in the pathogenesis of MetS and of CVD, this review unravels the relationship between aging/senescence, vitamin D, gender, and pathogenesis of MetS.
“…Moreover, environmental factors as air pollution [ 19 20 21 ], physical activity [ 25 26 ], and diet [ 27 28 ] greatly influences senescence biomarkers and MetS development.…”
Section: Senescence and Metabolic Syndromementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, biological pathways leading to senescence are influenced by physical activity [ 25 26 82 ] and nutritional intake [ 27 28 51 ]. Also air pollution has been associated with accelerated senescence, lower 25(OH)D levels, and increased risk of MeTS [ 19 83 ].…”
Section: Role Of Lifestyle and Environmentmentioning
The elderly population is rapidly increasing; hence, the disability due to age-related diseases has become an important socioeconomic burden. Amongst age-related diseases cardiovascular ones (CVD) have a huge impact on morbidity and mortality and are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several studies investigated the role of hypovitaminosis D in the pathogenesis of MetS and of CVD, this review unravels the relationship between aging/senescence, vitamin D, gender, and pathogenesis of MetS.
“…In this issue of The Journal of Physiology , Gioscia‐Ryan et al . (2021) report an elegant study aimed at elucidating the complex interaction of age, diet, and exercise on EDD and arterial stiffness across the lifespan of mice. Young male C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups consuming either normal chow or a Western diet (WD) over their lifespan.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gioscia‐Ryan et al . (2021) demonstrate that the combination of ageing and lifelong WD exacerbates endothelial dysfunction and large artery stiffening, both of which are accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. However, while oxidative stress and inflammation track closely with declines in EDD, the emergence of increased arterial stiffness does not correspond to the observed elevations in markers of either oxidative stress or inflammation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In conclusion, this study by Gioscia‐Ryan et al . (2021) builds upon existing literature by providing critical insight into the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular ageing phenotype, as well as its exacerbation by WD and prevention by exercise across the lifespan. The findings from this study are in agreement with, and enhance the significance of, previous short‐term intervention studies that suggested consumption of a WD accelerates the development of the vascular ageing phenotype through increases in oxidative stress and inflammation.…”
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and age is by far the greatest risk factor for developing CVD. Vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is responsible for much of the increase in CVD risk with aging. A key mechanism involved in vascular dysfunction with aging is oxidative stress, which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and induces adverse changes to the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall (e.g., elastin fragmentation/degradation, collagen deposition) and an increase in advanced glycation end products, which form crosslinks in arterial wall structural proteins. Although vascular dysfunction and CVD are most prevalent in older adults, several conditions can "accelerate" these events at any age. One such factor is chemotherapy with anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOXO), to combat common forms of cancer. Children, adolescents, and young adults treated with these chemotherapeutic agents demonstrate impaired vascular function and an increased risk of future CVD development compared with healthy age-matched controls. Anthracycline treatment also worsens vascular dysfunction in midlife (50-64 years of age) and older (65 and older) adults such that endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are greater compared to agematched controls. Collectively, these observations indicate that use of anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents induces a vascular aging-like phenotype and that the latter contributes to premature CVD in cancer survivors exposed to these agents. Here, we review the existing literature supporting these ideas, discuss potential mechanisms as well as interventions that may protect arteries from these adverse effects, identify research gaps, and make recommendations for future research.
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