Lifeline Systems in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) after the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami

Abstract

Lifeline systems in the Andaman and Nicobar islands performed poorly during the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Several power stations and transmission lines were damaged by the ground shaking, affecting the electric power supply to parts of the islands. Telecommunication services were severely affected because of destruction of several telephone exchanges. These services were restored quickly by government agencies. The dams and reservoirs, which supply potable water, sustained minor damage from ground shaking. However, segmented pipelines connecting the dams and reservoirs to various storage sites broke at several places, which significantly affected the water supply for a few days. Ground shaking damaged several elevated as well as ground-supported storage tanks. Damage related to tsunami waves was substantial in the 500–1,000- m strip immediately next to the coastline.

Experimental and Field Performance of PP Band–Retrofitted Masonry: Evaluation of Seismic Behavior

“…Unreinforced masonry (URM) building suffered severe damage and collapse during past earthquakes (Murty 2002;Tang et al 2006;Dutta et al 2016) as compared to steel and reinforced concrete buildings. Starting from hair line crack to total collapse is the extent of failure of these URM buildings existed in seismic active zones across the globe (Bhattacharya et al 2014).…”

Tsunamis as Long-Term Hazards to Coastal Groundwater Resources and Associated Water Supplies

“…Severe impacts on water and sanitation infrastructure were observed from the 2004-tsunami in the countries of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and the Maldives (Tang et al, 2006;ADB et al, 2005;UNEP, 2005). Water main pipes in estuaries broke, water wells supplying inter-mediate size populations and industrial areas located coastal-near were destroyed or www.intechopen.com their quality impaired.…”