Life‐style and environmental factors in the development of nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A case–control study in East Asia

Xu, Jing-Xian; Hoshida, Yoshihiko; Yang, Woo‐Ick; Inohara, Hidenori; Kubo, Takeshi; Kim, Gwi-Eon; Yoon, Joo Heon; Kojya, Shizuo; Bandoh, Nobuyuki; Harabuchi, Yasuaki; Tsutsumi, Kouichiro; Koizuka, Izumi; Jia, Xinshan; Kirihata, Mitsunori; Tsukuma, Hideaki; Aozasa, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1002/ijc.22313

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, this subtype was the most common T-cell NHL in Guatemala (7.8%), with high frequencies also observed in Chile (2.6%) and Peru (2.9%). An increased frequency of ENKTL also has been reported in Hong Kong and other Asian countries, [7][8][9][10][11][43][44][45] and studies have demonstrated a strong association between this lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1,7,8,13,44 Furthermore, Morton et al have reported a greater incidence of ENKTL among Asian Americans, 3 and other epidemiologic studies have demonstrated little difference in the incidence of this subtype among foreign-born and US-born Asians, supporting the role of host susceptibility in this disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Central and South America: a review of 1028 cases

Laurini

Perry

Boilesen

et al. 2012

Blood

135

111

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The distribution of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes differs around the world but a systematic study of Latin America has not been done. Therefore, we evaluated the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in Central and South America (CSA). Five expert hematopathologists classified consecutive cases of NHL from 5 CSA countries using the WHO classification and compared them to 400 cases from North America (NA). Among the 1028 CSA cases, the proportions of B-and T-cell NHL and the sex distribution were similar to NA. However, the median age of B-cell NHL in CSA (59 years) was significantly lower than in NA (66 years; P < .0001). The distribution of high-grade (52.9%) and low-grade (47.1%) mature B-cell NHL in CSA was also significantly different from NA (37.5% and 62.5%; P < .0001). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was more common in CSA (40%) than in NA (29.2%; P < .0001), whereas the frequency of follicular lymphoma was similar in Argentina (34.1%) and NA (33.8%), and higher than the rest of CSA (17%; P < .001). Extranodal NK/Tcell NHL was also more common in CSA (P < .0001). Our study provides new objective evidence that the distribution of NHL subtypes varies significantly by geographic region and should prompt epidemiologic studies to explain these differences. (Blood. 2012;120(24):4795-4801) IntroductionNeoplasms of the lymphoid system are very diverse with different clinical presentations, morphologic appearances, and biologic behaviors. 1 Furthermore, the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) category includes numerous different subtypes. The incidence of NHL is increasing worldwide and, although this increase began to slow in the 1990s, significant variations in temporal trends have been noted for individual NHL subtypes. 2,3 Epidemiologic studies of risk factors for NHL have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. [2][3][4][5] In numerous epidemiologic studies investigators also have analyzed the distribution of NHL subtypes in North America (NA), Europe, the Far East, and Middle East. 3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] These studies have shown substantial differences in the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in different geographic regions. Furthermore, it has become clear that subtype-specific NHL frequency patterns in different geographic regions may be indicative of environmental or host risk factors in a particular region. [2][3][4]7 Moreover, comparison of the incidence rates and frequency patterns of specific NHL subtypes may provide critical clues to guide future epidemiologic studies. 3 Although studies of individual NHL subtypes have been conducted in several Central and South American (CSA) countries, [13][14][15][16] in only a few epidemiologic studies have authors examined the distribution of NHL subtypes in individual countries. [17][18][19] However, to our knowledge, a large-scale, wellorganized, systematic study of the distribution of NHL subtypes in CSA has not been undertaken. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features and distribution of NHL su...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Central and South America: a review of 1028 cases

Laurini

Perry

Boilesen

et al. 2012

Blood

135

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ENKTL is a rare disease that has a distinct genetic and environmental predilection (Chan, 1998, Quintanilla-Martinez et al, 1999; Lymphoma Study Group of Japanese Pathologists 2000; Au et al, 2005a). Previous studies have suggested a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors for the development ENKTL (Au et al, 2005a;Xu et al, 2007). However, it is not clear whether genetic and/or other factors are also important determinants with regard to the clinical features and outcome of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial patterns of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, in California: a population‐based study

Chang

Fish

et al. 2011

Br J Haematol

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SummaryIn order to investigate whether the clinical behaviour of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) varies by race within a geographic region, we identified a total of 213 non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanics and Asians/Pacific islanders (APIs) diagnosed with ENKTL in the California Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2008. The incidence and outcomes of the disease in these racial groups were analysed. The incidence rates in non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanics and APIs were 0·05, 0·18 and 0·23 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively, among males; and 0·03, 0·07 and 0·10 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively, among females. The overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 28·6% in non‐Hispanic whites, 30·4% in Hispanic, and 24·0% in APIs. In multivariate analysis, distant versus local/regional disease (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2·01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·36, 2·96), initial treatment with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (HR = 0·39, 95% CI: 0·22, 0·70) or radiotherapy alone (HR = 0·48, 95% CI: 0·23, 0·99) versus no therapy were associated with OS. However, OS was not affected by age, sex, race, chemotherapy alone, socioeconomic status, or human immunodeficiency virus infection. In conclusion, ENKTL is more common and clinically more similar among Hispanics and APIs than non‐Hispanic whites with poor outcome in all racial groups.

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“…Autophagy is considered to be a novel mechanism of malignant cell regulation and has been associated with the development and progression of cancer [13,14]. The role of autophagy in cancer cell death or protection remains unclear [15,16]. Beclin 1, a mammalian ortholog of the yeast Atg6 protein, is an important mediator of autophagy [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beclin 1 expression predicts favorable clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP

Huang¹,

Zhu²,

Lin³

et al. 2011

Human Pathology

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Life‐style and environmental factors in the development of nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A case–control study in East Asia

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Central and South America: a review of 1028 cases

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Central and South America: a review of 1028 cases

Racial patterns of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, in California: a population‐based study

Beclin 1 expression predicts favorable clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP

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