Life-stage and geographic location determine the microbial assemblage in Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Chakraborty, Amrita; Purohit, Arnab; Khara, A. B.; Modlinger, Roman; Roy, Amit

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2023.1176160

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The bark beetle larvae spend their entire life gregariously feeding and developing under the bark. The larvae acquire microbial communities during feeding that mainly aid in nutrient acquisition, detoxification of plant defensive compounds (27,66,67) For instance, a significantly high abundance of Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Endobacter (Table 3) in pine-feeding Ips larvae documented in our study might be associated with lignocellulose and cellulose/hemicellulose degradation (21,68,69). In addition,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…There has been growing interest in understanding the role of insect-microbial association in shaping the plasticity of insects in recent times. For instance, a recent study on Eurasian spruce bark beetles, I. typographus, reported the developmental stage and the geo-location as drivers in shaping the beetle-microbial association (27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioinformatic data analysis was performed using a standardized pipeline in QIIME2 (version 2022.2) (37) as described in our earlier studies (27). The barcodes and primer sequences were removed, and the sample sequences were merged using FLASH (V1.2.11, http://ccb.jhu.edu/software/FLASH/) to generate raw Illumina pair-end reads (38) and then checked for high-quality reads using fastp software.…”

Section: Data Processing and Species Annotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, our understanding of bark beetles as holobionts is restricted. Few studies have evaluated microbial acquisition and succession in bark beetles (26)(27)(28)(29). In addition, limited studies in pine bark beetles have focused on understanding the effect of environment and metamorphosis that can cause comprehensive changes in the beetle microbiome, resulting in distinct bacterial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that metamorphosis, microhabitat, and lab-breeding might shape the bacterial community structure in the Ips pine beetles similar to other insects (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Hence, we conducted the first comparative metabarcoding study on two pine-feeding beetles (I. sexdentatus, I. acuminatus) to evaluate our hypothesis and respond to the following fundamental questions regarding bark beetle symbiosis: (1) What are the bacterial communities associated with the two pine-feeding Ips beetles across life-stages?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative metagenomic study unveils bacterial communities and their putative involvement in ecological success of two pine-feedingIpsbeetle holobionts

Khara,

Chakraborty,

Modlinger

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Climate change has recently boosted the severity and frequency of the pine bark beetle attacks. The bacterial community associated with these beetles acts as “hidden players”, enhancing their ability to infest and thrive on defence-rich pine trees. There is limited understanding of the environmental acquisition of these hidden players and their life stage-specific association with different pine-feeding bark beetles. There is inadequate knowledge on novel bacterial introduction to pine trees after the beetle infestation. Hence, we conducted the first comparative bacterial metabarcoding study comprehensively revealing the bacterial communities in the pine trees before and after beetle feeding and in different life stages of two dominant pine-feeding bark beetles, namelyIps sexdentatusandIps acuminatus. We also evaluated the bacterial association between wild and lab-bred beetles to measure the deviation due to inhabiting a controlled environment. Significant differences in bacterial amplicon sequence variance (ASVs) abundance existed among different life stages within and between the pine beetles. Such observations endorsed that the bark beetle life stage shaped bacterial assemblage. Furthermore, lab-bred and wild-collected adult beetles had distinct bacterial assemblages, implying that the breeding environment induced crucial changes. Alteration of pine wood bacteriome after beetle feeding is an intriguing observation in the present study, which demands further investigation. We validated the relative abundances of selected bacterial taxa estimated by metagenomic sequencing with quantitative PCR. Functional predictions revealed that these bacterial genera might execute conserved functions, aiding the ecological success of these beetles. Nevertheless, these findings shed new insights into bacterial associations and their putative metabolic roles in pine beetles under the influence of various drivers such as environment, host, and life stages and provide the foundation for future downstream functional investigations.ImportanceThe current understanding of bark beetle as holobiont is restricted. Most studies lack information on microbial community assembly in bark beetle microhabitats. No data comprehensively reveals the influence of lab breeding on pine beetle microbial associations. It is unknown if there is any adaptive convergence in beetle microbial assemblage due to feeding on the same host. Such information is essential to developing a bark beetle management strategy to restore forests from beetle-mediated damage. Our study shows that lab-breeding considerably influences beetle bacterial community assembly. We documented that beetle feeding alters bacteriome at the microhabitat level, and the beetle life stage shapes the bacterial associations. Nevertheless, our study revisited the bark beetle symbiosis under the influence of different drivers and revealed intriguing insight into bacterial community assembly, facilitating future functional studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Processing and Species Annotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative metagenomic study unveils bacterial communities and their putative involvement in ecological success of two pine-feedingIpsbeetle holobionts

Khara,

Chakraborty,

Modlinger

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Understanding bark beetle outbreaks: exploring the impact of changing temperature regimes, droughts, forest structure, and prospects for future forest pest management

Singh,

Naseer,

Mogilicherla

et al. 2024

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Climate change has increased the susceptibility of forest ecosystems, resulting in escalated forest decline globally. As one of the largest forest biomasses in the Northern Hemisphere, the Eurasian boreal forests are subjected to frequent drought, windthrow, and high-temperature disturbances. Over the last century, bark beetle outbreaks have emerged as a major biotic threat to these forests, resulting in extensive tree mortality. Despite implementing various management strategies to mitigate the bark beetle populations and reduce tree mortality, none have been effective. Moreover, altered disturbance regimes due to changing climate have facilitated the success of bark beetle attacks with shorter and multivoltine life cycles, consequently inciting more frequent bark beetle-caused tree mortality. This review explores bark beetle population dynamics in the context of climate change, forest stand dynamics, and various forest management strategies. Additionally, it examines recent advancements like remote sensing and canine detection of infested trees and focuses on cutting-edge molecular approaches including RNAi-nanoparticle complexes, RNAi-symbiotic microbes, sterile insect technique, and CRISPR/Cas9-based methods. These diverse novel strategies have the potential to effectively address the challenges associated with managing bark beetles and improving forest health in response to the changing climate.

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The bacterial community of the European spruce bark beetle in space and time

Moussa

Nones²,

Vannucchi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) is a pest causing severe damage to Norway spruce-dominated forests in Europe. Microorganisms play an essential role in the species life history, including nutrition, fitness as well as in overcoming host defenses. Here, we performed high-throughput 16S rRNA metabarcoding of I. typographus across different populations in Europe. We investigated four postglacial refugial areas in Europe and focused specifically on a current bark beetle hot spot in the Dolomites where we compared populations with different epidemiological phases (outbreaking vs. non-outbreaking) and across different seasons (pre-overwintering vs. overwintering). Our results show that the bacterial community structure varied among populations from the refugial areas and geographic regions within the Dolomites. We found a significant difference in the bacterial community between pre-overwintering and overwintering individuals, highlighting a potential role of the microbiome in I. typographus overwintering but we did not find differences between epidemic and endemic populations. The genera Erwinia and Pseudoxanthomonas - previously reported for their role in nutrition and protection from conifer defense compounds - were present in every individual across all populations, suggesting that these taxa form the bacterial core community of I. typographus. Furthermore, several additional bacterial taxa occurred in all populations, but with variable frequencies within and between individuals. This study highlights a complex interaction of various bacterial taxa across different regions and ecological phases of I. typographus populations and provides new insights into the role of microorganisms in the biology of this important pest species.

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Life-stage and geographic location determine the microbial assemblage in Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 130 publications

Comparative metagenomic study unveils bacterial communities and their putative involvement in ecological success of two pine-feedingIpsbeetle holobionts

Comparative metagenomic study unveils bacterial communities and their putative involvement in ecological success of two pine-feedingIpsbeetle holobionts

Understanding bark beetle outbreaks: exploring the impact of changing temperature regimes, droughts, forest structure, and prospects for future forest pest management

The bacterial community of the European spruce bark beetle in space and time

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