Life-Span of Mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) under Laboratory Conditions

Briegel, Hans J.; Kaiser, Claire

doi:10.1159/000211976

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…When incorporated into models of vector disease transmission, such as those employed for malaria, an assumption of constant mortality with age leads to overestimates of transmission risk and the sensitivity of transmission to interventions that reduce adult mosquito survival, as demonstrated by Styer et al (2007) and Bellan (2010). This paradigm has been challenged previously (Briegel and Kaiser 1973, Gary and Foster 2001, Okech et al 2003, Impoinvil et al 2004, Afrane et al 2006, Styer et al 2007, Harrington et al 2008, Dawes et al 2009), and our results empirically demonstrate evidence of senescence in wild cohorts of An. However this bias could approach, and even exceed that due to assumptions of constant mortality, particularly at low EIPs ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This assumption was first articulated by MacDonald (MacDonald 1957), who reasoned that extrinsic sources of mortality, such as predation and disease, kill mosquitoes long before they have an opportunity to die of old age. Recent laboratory studies have challenged the constant mortality assumption, and demonstrate that factors such as environ-mental conditions, resource availability, and predation, influence how fast, and how much, mosquitoes senesce (Briegel and Kaiser 1973, Gary and Foster 2001, Afrane et al 2006, Styer et al 2007, Dawes et al 2009). However, the rationale underlying this assumption opposes classical hypotheses of aging, asserting that senescence should proceed most rapidly when extrinsic mortality is great as it will select for shorter lifespan (Williams 1957, Baudisch 2005, Caswell 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaria control and senescence: the importance of accounting for the pace and shape of aging in wild mosquitoes

2015

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The assumption that vector mortality remains constant with age is used widely to assess malaria transmission risk and predict the public health consequences of vector control strategies. However, laboratory studies commonly demonstrate clear evidence of senescence, or a decrease in physiological function and increase in vector mortality rate with age. Despite recognition of its importance, practical limitations have stifled definitive observations of mosquito senescence in the wild, where rates of extrinsic mortality are much higher than those observed under protected laboratory conditions. We developed methods to integrate available field data to understand mortality in wild Anopheles gambiae, the most import vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. We found evidence for an increase in rates of mortality with age. As expected, we also found that overall mortality is far greater in wild cohorts than commonly observed under protected laboratory conditions. The magnitude of senescence increases with An. gambiae lifespan, implying that most wild mosquitoes die long before cohorts can exhibit strong senescence. We reviewed available published mortality studies of Anopheles spp. to confirm this fundamental prediction of aging in wild populations. Senescence becomes most apparent in long-living mosquito cohorts; cohorts with low extrinsic mortality, such as protected laboratory cohorts, suffer a relatively high proportion of senescent deaths. Imprecision in estimates of vector mortality and changes in mortality with age will severely bias models of vector borne disease transmission risk, such as malaria, and the sensitivity of transmission to bias increases as the extrinsic incubation period of the parasite decreases. While we focus here on malaria, we caution that future transmission models of anti-vectorial interventions must incorporate both realistic mortality rates and age-dependent changes in mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria control and senescence: the importance of accounting for the pace and shape of aging in wild mosquitoes

2015

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“…Survival of adult mosquitoes was studied by confining groups of five females and five males in 2-1itre cardboard cages with free access to a sugar cube and water. Males were provided because virgin females were said to have shorter life spans than fertilized females (Briegel & Kaiser, 1973). Mosquitoes in all treatments were fed weekly on laboratory-reared mice starting from the 7th day after emergence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LECITHIN IN SYNTHETIC LARVAL DIET FOR AEDES AEGYPTI IMPROVES LARVAL AND ADULT PERFORMANCE

Sneller

Dadd

1981

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A chemically defined synthetic rearing medium was used to compare larval growth of Aedes aegypti with or without crude animal lecithin or synthetic dipalmitoyl lecithin. Pupal weights, adult female life spans and oviposition histories of pupae and adults derived from synthetic diet rearings and from crude culture (liver powder) rearings were also compared. Both lecithins improved larval growth rate; optimal concentrations reduced time to pupation by 2 and 1 days for animal and synthetic lecithins respectively, and animal lecithin was better tolerated by the mosquito larvae at the higher concentrations tested. Addition of crude animal lecithin to the basal synthetic rearing medium had little effect on the weights of male and female pupae, but it increased adult female life spans and improved weekly egg production. In no ease did mosquitoes from axenic rearings in synthetic media deviate greatly from limits specified by earlier workers for field‐derived mosquitoes. RÉSUMÉ AMELIORATION DES PERFORMANCES DES ADULTES ET DES LARVES D'AEDES AEGYPTI PAR LA PRESENCE DE LECITHINE DANS LE REGIME ALIMENTAME SYNTHETIQUE DES LARVES Les développements larvaires d'Aedes aegypti out été comparés sur des Substrats alimentaires avec ou sans lecithine animale brute ou DL‐a‐dipalmitoyle lecithine synthétique. Les comparisons ont porté aussi sur les poids nymphaux, la longé‐vité et la fécondité de femelles élevées sur régime synthétique ou à partir de poudré de foie. Les deux types de lecithines améliorent le développement larvaire; les concentrations optimales des deux régimes (lecithine animale et lecithine synthétique) avancent respectivement la pupaison de 2 et 1 jour; les lecithines animale et synthétique sont tolérées par les larves respectivement jusqu'aux concentrations de 0,008 et 0,006%. L'addition de lecithine animale brute au régime contenant de la lecithine synthétique a eu peu d'effets sur les poids des nymphes mâles et femelles mais a augmenté la longévité et la fécondité hebdomadaire des femelles. Les performances des moustiques élevés sur substrat aseptique synthétique n'ont jamais été très éloignées des limites indiquées antérieurement par les travaux sur moustiques provenant de la nature.

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“…However, others studies (e.g. [3]) suggest that with advancing age the mosquito mortality rate increases and that mosquitoes are no different from most other organisms in experiencing deleterious functional and structural changes with age. Despite the growing evidence of age-dependent mortality recent disease transmissions models assume constant mortality [7].…”

Section: Biological Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Model Described by Differential Inclusions

Barrios

Pietrus

Marrero

et al. 2011

Advances in Computational Intelligence

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Abstract. In this paper we formulate a differential inclusion to model an epidemic outbreak of Dengue fever in the Cuban conditions. The model takes into account interaction of human and mosquito populations as well as vertical transmission in the mosquito population. Finally, we propose a mathematical framework allowing us to make suitable predictions about the populations of humans, mosquitoes and eggs infected during the epidemic time.

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Life-Span of Mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) under Laboratory Conditions

Cited by 51 publications

References 2 publications

Malaria control and senescence: the importance of accounting for the pace and shape of aging in wild mosquitoes

Malaria control and senescence: the importance of accounting for the pace and shape of aging in wild mosquitoes

LECITHIN IN SYNTHETIC LARVAL DIET FOR AEDES AEGYPTI IMPROVES LARVAL AND ADULT PERFORMANCE

Dengue Model Described by Differential Inclusions

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