Life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure in the middle-aged and older Chinese population

An, Li; Ma, Ling; Xu, Nan; Yu, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111367

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Numerous studies have found that compared to other depressed populations (e.g., adolescents), middle-aged adults have more persistent ( 51 ) and severe depressive symptoms ( 52 ), are more difficult to treat ( 53 ), and have depression for a longer period ( 54 , 55 ). This means that most middle-aged adults with depressive symptoms are more likely to develop depression ( 7 ) and that, over time, depressive symptoms will have a greater impact on their physical health ( 52 ), leading to more serious physical illnesses ( 56 ), and may also coexist with chronic illnesses ( 57 ), which may worsen the progression of these illnesses ( 58 , 59 ), increase the risk of self-inflicted suicide ( 60 ), and increase the risk of death ( 61 ). As China is about to enter an aging society, middle-aged and older people will account for an increasing proportion of the current and future Chinese population ( 62 ), with an estimated 500 million people over 80 by 2050 ( 63 ).…”

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Depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older people in China and associations with chronic diseases

Zhu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIt remains unclear whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased all-cause mortality and to what extent depressive symptoms are associated with chronic disease and all-cause mortality. The study aims to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality, and how depressive symptoms may, in turn, affect all-cause mortality among Chinese middle-aged and older people through chronic diseases.MethodsData were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This cohort study involved 13,855 individuals from Wave 1 (2011) to Wave 6 (2020) of the CHARLS, which is a nationally representative survey that collects information from Chinese residents ages 45 and older to explore intrinsic mechanisms between depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) was validated through the CHARLS. Covariates included socioeconomic variables, living habits, and self-reported history of chronic diseases. Kaplan–Meier curves depicted mortality rates by depressive symptom levels, with Cox proportional hazards regression models estimating the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality.ResultsOut of the total 13,855 participants included, the median (Q1, Q3) age was 58.00 (51.00, 63.00) years. Adjusted for all covariates, middle-aged and older adults with depressive symptoms had a higher all-cause mortality rate (HR = 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09–1.33]). An increased rate was observed for 55–64 years old (HR = 1.23 [95% CI, 1.03–1.47]) and more than 65 years old (HR = 1.32 [95% CI, 1.18–1.49]), agricultural Hukou (HR = 1.44, [95% CI, 1.30–1.59]), and nonagricultural workload (HR = 1.81 [95% CI, 1.61–2.03]). Depressive symptoms increased the risks of all-cause mortality among patients with hypertension (HR = 1.19 [95% CI, 1.00–1.40]), diabetes (HR = 1.41[95% CI, 1.02–1.95]), and arthritis (HR = 1.29 [95% CI, 1.09–1.51]).ConclusionDepressive symptoms raise all-cause mortality risk, particularly in those aged 55 and above, rural household registration (agricultural Hukou), nonagricultural workers, and middle-aged and older people with hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Our findings through the longitudinal data collected in this study offer valuable insights for interventions targeting depression, such as early detection, integrated chronic disease care management, and healthy lifestyles; and community support for depressive symptoms may help to reduce mortality in middle-aged and older people.

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