Life on Arginine for Mycoplasma hominis: Clues from Its Minimal Genome and Comparison with Other Human Urogenital Mycoplasmas

Pereyre, Sabine; Sirand‐Pugnet, Pascal; Béven, Laure; Charron, Alain; Renaudin, H.; Barré, Aurélien; Avenaud, Philippe; Jacob, Daniel; Couloux, Arnaud; Barbe, Valérie; Daruvar, Antoine de; Blanchard, Alain; Bebear, Cécile

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000677

Cited by 152 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In urogenital human mycoplasmas, HGTs were predicted between M. hominis and the ancestor of the U. parvum/U. urealyticum group, in accordance with previous study (40). These genetic exchanges of the MIB-MIP system among mycoplasmas colonizing the same host are in complete agreement with the potential significance of this system in the evolutionary process leading to the adaptation to a new host.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

MIB–MIP is a mycoplasma system that captures and cleaves immunoglobulin G

Arfi

Minder

Primo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mycoplasmas are "minimal" bacteria able to infect humans, wildlife, and a large number of economically important livestock species. Mycoplasma infections include a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from simple fever to fulminant inflammatory diseases with high mortality rates. These infections are mostly chronic, suggesting that mycoplasmas have developed means to evade the host immune response. Here we present and functionally characterize a two-protein system from Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri that is involved in the capture and cleavage of IgG. The first component, Mycoplasma Ig binding protein (MIB), is an 83-kDa protein that is able to tightly bind to the Fv region of a wide range of IgG. The second component, Mycoplasma Ig protease (MIP), is a 97-kDa serine protease that is able to cleave off the VH domain of IgG. We demonstrate that MIB is necessary for the proteolytic activity of MIP. Cleavage of IgG requires a sequential interaction of the different partners of the system: first MIB captures the IgG, and then MIP is recruited to the MIB-IgG complex, enabling protease activity. MIB and MIP are encoded by two genes organized in tandem, with homologs found in the majority of pathogenic mycoplasmas and often in multiple copies. Phylogenetic studies suggest that genes encoding the MIB-MIP system are specific to mycoplasmas and have been disseminated by horizontal gene transfer. These results highlight an original and complex system targeting the host immunoglobulins, playing a potentially key role in the immunity evasion by mycoplasmas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

MIB–MIP is a mycoplasma system that captures and cleaves immunoglobulin G

Arfi

Minder

Primo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…To determine whether those untypeable isolates represent new serovars or loss of markers, additional analysis such as whole-genome sequencing of such isolates would be instructive. HGT between U. parvum and M. hominis, which both localize to the mucosal surface of the human urogenital tract, was recently reported (31). Five clusters of genes encoding type I and III restriction/modification systems, transposases, and cell surface proteins were predicted to undergo HGT between the two phylogenetically distinct species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are characterized by their minimal genomes and are thought to have undergone regressive evolution, which usually is not favorable for active DNA acquisition (54), evidence has shown that HGT occurs among phylogenetically distinct mycoplasmal species sharing the same ecological niche (47) or within the same species (51). Comparative genomic analyses have indicated possible HGT between U. parvum and Mycoplasma hominis (31). Ureaplasma spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extensive Horizontal Gene Transfer in Ureaplasmas from Humans Questions the Utility of Serotyping for Diagnostic Purposes

et al. 2011

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Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are sexually transmitted, opportunistic pathogens of the human urogenital tract. There are 14 known serovars distributed between the two species. For decades, it has been postulated based upon limited data that virulence is related to serotype specificity. The results were often inconclusive due to the small sample size and extensive cross-reactivity between certain serovars. We developed real-time quantitative PCRs that allow reliable differentiation of the two species and type strains of each of the 14 serovars. To investigate species and serovar distributions, we typed 1,061 clinical isolates of human ureaplasmas from diverse patient populations. There was only a tenuous association between individual Ureaplasma serovars and certain patient populations. This may in part be explained by the fact that almost 40% of the isolates were genetic mosaics, apparently arising from the recombination of multiple serovars. This explains the extensive cross-reactivity based upon serotyping and the lack of consistent association of given serotypes with disease.

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“…The organism could cause pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, postpartum and postabortion fever in addition to extragenital diseases including septicemia, joint infections, central nervous system infections, respiratory tract infections and wound infections particularly after surgery (Thomsen and Lindskov, 1979;Taylor-Robinson, 1996a;1996b;Stellrecht et al, 2004;Waites et al, 2005;Totten et al, 2008;Patel and Nyirjesy, 2010;Taylor-Robinson and Furr, 2010;Taylor-Robinson and Jensen, 2011). In newborn children, this pathogen can also can cause meningitis, pneumonia and abcess (Pereyre et al, 2009). The organism been been recovered from the upper urinary tract in patients with acute pyelonephritis (Thomsen, 1978a;1978b;Sai-Yin and Kwok-Yung, 1995), women with lower urinary tract (Humburg et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DETECTION OF <i>MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS</i> IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Abdul-Wahab¹

2014

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Mycoplasma hominis is one of the well known genital mycoplasma agent that has been recognized as potentially pathogenic species and associated with various infectious diseases in adult men and woman. The organism could cause pelvic inflammatory disease, postpartum, postabortion fever and pyelonephritis. The Aim of this prospective study was to detemine the occurrence and prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis in patients with urinary tract infections, since they are usually not detected by routine microbiological examination of urine samples in laboratory department. For this purpose, Culture method was to be attempted as the current laboratory methods of choice for detection urogenital mycoplasmas infections. This study was designed as a case-control study in which a total of 100 patients with mean age of the of 42.78±22.49 (95% CI = 39-49.17) in case group as well as a mean age of 48.18±18.81 ((95% CI = 42.83-53.53) in the control group. The patients of both sexes were investigated for the presence of M. hominis and they were admitted to the urology department at asser central hospital in Abha (a city in southwest region of Saudi Arabia), during over a period of one year (February, 2013-March, 2014. A detailed history with specific urinary symptoms and signs was obtained as a result. These patients were divided into two groups: The first group (or case group) and the second group (or control group): The case group, included 50 symptomatic patients who had been admitted in hospital and they were examined for the presence of one or more of the following specific urinary symptoms and signs: Urinary frequency, dysuria, suprapubic/pelvic pain. Unlike the case group, the control group included 50 asymptomatic patients who were free of any specific urinary symptoms and they were matched by the first group for their age index. First voided urine specimens were tested using urine microscopy, culture for M hominis was performed and the isolates were identified serologically by growth inhibition test (disc method). In the case group, 8 cases out of 50 and in control group 1 out 50 were positive for M. hominis infection. The incidence of M. hominis was higher and statistically significant among case symptomatic patients group (8/50, 16%) than control asymptomatic patients group patients (1/50, 2%). On applying tests of significance to the observed data for isolation of Mycolplasma hominis among cases and controls, the values were found to statistically significant. Chisquare test with Yate's correction [χ AJIDArabia. Infection caused by M hominis was associated with higher incidence rate in patients with symptomatic urinary tract diseases. Further work studies is needed for their rapid detection of these organism in urine samples using other diagnostic methods such as PCR. Further knowledge of the role and the effect of this pathogen in patients with urinary tract infections can be a prospective field of study.

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Life on Arginine for Mycoplasma hominis: Clues from Its Minimal Genome and Comparison with Other Human Urogenital Mycoplasmas

Cited by 152 publications

References 58 publications

MIB–MIP is a mycoplasma system that captures and cleaves immunoglobulin G

MIB–MIP is a mycoplasma system that captures and cleaves immunoglobulin G

Extensive Horizontal Gene Transfer in Ureaplasmas from Humans Questions the Utility of Serotyping for Diagnostic Purposes

DETECTION OF <i>MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS</i> IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

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