“…Therefore, the engine has to be overhauled when it has exceeded the number of cumulative turn-on cycles or the total operating time. The damage models have also been applied to crack growth models [17][18][19], welded joints [20], floating structures [21], reinforced concrete structures [22], and plastic automotive components [23]. Such stochastic models of fatigue damage of materials in engineering systems have been described in detail [24][25][26].…”