LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS IN <i>MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES</i> (F.) IN TWO CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES

Sánchez, Norma E.; Onsager, Jerome A.

doi:10.4039/ent12039-1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…for native prairie season-long sites was markedly higher than in a study on mixedgrass prairie when M. sang u i n i p e s populations declined for 3 successive seasons (Onsager and Hewitt 1982b). It was only slightly higher than in a 1-year study on crested wheatgrass where 2 populations almost replaced themselves (Sanchez and Onsager 1988). In Onsager's (1983) model, it was suggestive of a generation that is capable of approximately doubling in density.…”

Section: Grasshopper Life History Parametersmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The parameters that were considered important in this study were average stage-specific survival rates for 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th nymphal instars, average development time per nymphal instar, average daily survival rate for both nymphs and adults, and the number of individuals that entered the adult stage. The mathematical procedure, which combined methods of Richards et al (1960), Kiritani and Nakasuji (1967), Manley (1976), and Onsager and Hewitt (1982a), was described in detail by Sanchez and Onsager (1988).…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Grasshoppers in the Great Plains through Grazing Management

Onsager¹

2000

Journal of Range Management

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It was hypothesized that grazing management could mitigate grasshopper outbreaks on native rangeland in the northern Great Plains. Key practices would require deliberate variation in timing and intensity of grazing events, preservation of canopy during critical periods of grasshopper development, and reductions in areas of bare soil. The twice-over rotational grazing system appeared compatible with those requirements. Grasshopper population trends were monitored during 1993-1995 and 1997-1998 on commercial native rangeland under twice-over rotational grazing vs traditional season-long grazing. A ubiquitous pest grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), occurred at every sample site during each year in numbers sufficient to provide life history parameters for comparison between treatments. Under rotational grazing, the nymphs developed significantly slower and their stage-specific survival rates were significantly lower and less variable. Consequently, significantly fewer adults were produced significantly later in the season under rotational grazing. Seasonal presence of all grasshopper species combined averaged 3.3X higher under season-long grazing than under rotational grazing. Local outbreaks that generated 18 and 27 adult grasshoppers per m 2 under season-long grazing in 1997 and 1998, respectively, did not occur under rotational grazing. The outbreaks consumed 91% and 168%, respectively, as much forage as had been allocated for livestock, as opposed to 10% and 23%, respectively, under rotational grazing. Of 9 important grasshopper species, none were significantly more abundant at rotational sites than at season-long sites. Three species that were primary contributors to outbreaks under season-long grazing remained innocuous under rotational grazing. It therefore appears that outbreak suppression through grazing management is feasible in the northern Great Plains.

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Section: Grasshopper Life History Parametersmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Grasshoppers in the Great Plains through Grazing Management

Onsager¹

2000

Journal of Range Management

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“…(Onsager and Hewitt 1982a) and at different sites during the same season near Three Forks, Mont. (Sanchez and Onsager 1988). Stage-specific survival rates of 0.09 to 0.365 were reported for nymphs of 3 species, one of which was M. sanguinipes, in cage studies in the sand hills of Nebraska (Oedekoven and Joern 1998).…”

Section: Grasshopper Life History Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of grasshoppers in the Great Plains through grazing management

Onsager¹

2000

REM

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It was hypothesized that grazing management could mitigate grasshopper outbreaks on native rangeland in the northern Great Plains. Key practices would require deliberate variation in timing and intensity of grazing events, preservation of canopy during critical periods of grasshopper development, and reductions in areas of bare soil. The twice-over rotational grazing system appeared compatible with those requirements.Grasshopper population trends were monitored during 1993-1995 and 1997-1998 on commercial native rangeland under twice-over rotational grazing vs traditional season-long grazing. A ubiquitous pest grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), occurred at every sample site during each year in numbers sufficient to provide life history parameters for comparison between treatments. Under rotational grazing, the nymphs developed significantly slower and their stage-specific survival rates were significantly lower and less variable. Consequently, significantly fewer adults were produced significantly later in the season under rotational grazing.Seasonal presence of all grasshopper species combined averaged 3.3X higher under season-long grazing than under rotational grazing. Local outbreaks that generated 18 and 27 adult grasshoppers per m 2 under season-long grazing in 1997 and 1998, respectively, did not occur under rotational grazing. The outbreaks consumed 91% and 168%, respectively, as much forage as had been allocated for livestock, as opposed to 10% and 23%, respectively, under rotational grazing.Of 9 important grasshopper species, none were significantly more abundant at rotational sites than at season-long sites. Three species that were primary contributors to outbreaks under season-long grazing remained innocuous under rotational grazing. It therefore appears that outbreak suppression through grazing management is feasible in the northern Great Plains.In a study of statistical density dependence among rangeland grasshoppers in Montana, Kemp and Dennis (1993) reported equilibrium or "return tendency" parameters for populations in 3 regions of the state; northern plains, southern plains, and western mountains. 5.4, ) and mean (6.1, 6.2, 6.3 m -2 ) densities of adult grasshoppers were similar for the respective regions. However, estimated regional carrying capacities were much higher for the 2 plains regions than for the mountains (8.9 and 8.6 vs 6.3 m -2 , respectively). Consequently, grasshopper populations were much more variable in the plains, and grossly over-shot the carrying capacity (i.e., reached outbreak levels) much more frequently than in the mountains. These results provided useful insights for assessing opportunities for

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“…Mean fecundities (mean number of eggs laid per 9 ) were calculated as natality divided by the number of females that entered the adult stage, and mean longevities were estimated as total 9 -DD divided by the number of females that entered the adult stage; the latter were estimated by Sanchez and Onsager (1988) in a related study of the same populations. by area under the density curve).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

Charnetski

1988

Can Entomol

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Can. Enr. 120: 29-37 (1988) Oviposition rate (eggs per 9 -degree-day) and fecundity (total number of eggs per 0 )were measured in two populations of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) under natural conditions during two seasons (1984, 1985). Differences in fecundity between the two seasons were indirectly associated with differences in time of hatching. In 1985, females hatched earlier and had shorter preoviposition periods, greater longevities, and higher oviposition rates; consequently, fecundity averaged about three-fold greater than in 1984. Longevity appeared to be the most important single determinant of fecundity. Maximum fecundity was 73.2 eggs (equivalent to four pods) and mean fecundity ranged between 10.1 and 28.9 eggs per female.On a estim6 le taux de ponte (oeufs par femelle par degr6-jour) et la f6condit6 (nombre total d'oeufs par femelle) chez deux populations de Melanoplus sanguinipes (E) en conditions naturelles au cours de deux saisons (1984, 1985). Des diffkrences de f6con-dit6 entre les deux saisons ont kt6 indirectement imput6es ? i des diffkrences de temps d'6closion. En 1985, les femelles ont tclos plus t6t et ont montr6 des d6lais de pr6oviposition plus courts, des longtvit6s sup6rieures et des taux de ponte plus 61evBs; par constquent, la f6conditt moyenne a kt6 d'environ trois fois plus 6levCe qu'en 1984. La longCvit6 est apparue cornme le paramktre dkterminant le important de la f6con-dit6. La f6condit6 maximale a kt6 de 73,2 oeufs (Cquivalant h quatre gousses d'oeufs) et la f6condit6 moyenne a vari6 10,l et 28,9 oeufs par femelle.

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LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS IN MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) IN TWO CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Suppression of Grasshoppers in the Great Plains through Grazing Management

Suppression of Grasshoppers in the Great Plains through Grazing Management

Suppression of grasshoppers in the Great Plains through grazing management

TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA F. (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE), ESTABLISHED BY THREE EVALUATION METHODS

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