“…Because of their economic importance in commercial and recreational fisheries, the Sciaenidae, Penaeidae, and Portunidae are among the best studied of the nekton commonly found on estuarine flats (e.g., Gilmore 1987;McMichael and Peters 1989;Grammer et al 2009;Rooker et al 1999;Pérez-Castañeda and Defeo 2001;Luna et al 2009). Other epibenthic species of nekton that are particularly well adapted to intertidal and subtidal flat habitats in GoM estuaries are the stingrays (e.g., Dasyatis sabina, D. say) and several species within the flatfish families Achiridae (e.g., Achirus lineatus), Cynoglossidae (e.g., Symphurus plagusia), and Paralichthyidae (e.g., Citharichthys spilopterus), which are widely distributed in both the northern and southern GoM (Contreras-Espinosa and Castañeda-Lopez 2007).…”