Life history determinants of the susceptibility of the blood alga Haematococcus to infection by Paraphysoderma sedebokerense (Blastocladiomycota)

Allewaert, Céline C.; Strittmatter, Martina; Blok, R. de; Guerra, Thacia Rodrigues; Gachon, Claire M. M.; Vyverman, Wim

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.015

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…H. pluvialis can grow on a wide range of pH with an optimal growth pH of 7.0–7.5, while a pH higher than 8.25 promotes astaxanthin biosynthesis [ 182 , 213 , 214 ]. The parasitic fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis is one of the most serious contaminants of H. pluvialis cultures with a significant influence on the growth and subsequently the astaxanthin level [ 215 ]. An acidic cultivation strategy was developed to prevent infection of H. pluvialis with the fungus in culture for astaxanthin production [ 216 ].…”

Section: Astaxanthin Fermentation Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies

Basiony

Ouyang

Wang

et al. 2022

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

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Section: Astaxanthin Fermentation Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies

Basiony

Ouyang

Wang

et al. 2022

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

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“…They develop into the resting vegetative cells by losing their flagella and further into non-motile asexual aplanospores with rigid secondary cell walls under unfavourable growth conditions (Hagen et al, 2002). It has been observed that the aplanospores instead of flagellates of H. pluvialis can be infected by P. sedebokerense (Allewaert et al, 2018), which allow us to propose the hypothesis on the critical role of Haematococcus cell walls in the interaction with P. sedebokerense. As the outermost border of the algal cells, the cell walls mediate the interactions between the algal cells and environment, and structures and biochemical compositions of microalgal cell walls are known to be different among diverse group of algae (Bernaerts et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…pluvialis can be infected by P . sedebokerense (Allewaert et al ., 2018), which allow us to propose the hypothesis on the critical role of Haematococcus cell walls in the interaction with P . sedebokerense .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between the cell walls of microalgal host and fungal carbohydrate‐activate enzymes is essential for the pathogenic parasitism process

Lin

Yan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Fungi can parasitize microalgae, exerting profound impacts on both the aquatic ecosystems and microalgal mass cultures. In this study, the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the blastocladialean fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense were used as a model system to address the mechanisms underlying the fungal parasitism on the algal host. High-throughput metabolic assay indicated that P. sedebokerense can utilize several carbon sources with a preference for mannose, glucose and their oligosaccharides, which was compatible with the profile of the host algal cell walls enriched with glucan and mannan. The results of dual transcriptomics analysis suggested that P. sedebokerense can upregulate a large number of putative carbohydrate-activate enzymes (CAZymes) encoding genes, including those coding for the endo-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase during the infection process. The cell walls of H. pluvialis can be decomposed by both P. sedebokerense and commercial CAZymes (e.g. cellulase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase) to produce mannooligomers, while several putative parasitismrelated genes of P. sedebokerense can be in turn upregulated by mannooligomers. In addition, the parasitism can be blocked by interfering the selected CAZymes including glucanase, mannanase and lysozyme with the specific inhibitors, which provided a framework for screening suitable compounds for pathogen mitigation in algal mass culture.

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“…The microalga H. lacustris is, however, the preferred host for P. sedebokerense and suffers completely virulent, lethal infections under all tested conditions [ 5 , 6 ]. The economic impact of this epidemic is reflected in efforts to control the development of the P. sedebokerense infections by different strategies, such as selection of less sensitive strains [ 9 , 10 ], changing culture media [ 11 ], or using surfactants [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraphysoderma sedebokerense GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host Haematococcus lacustris

Alors

Amses

James

et al. 2022

JoF

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Glutamine synthetase (GlnS) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism. We investigated the effect of the GlnS inhibitor glufosinate on the infection of H. lacustris by the blastocladialean fungus P. sedebokerense, assuming that interfering with the host nitrogen metabolism will affect the success of the parasite. Complete inhibition of infection, which could be bypassed by the GlnS product glutamine, was observed at millimolar concentrations of glufosinate. However, this effect of glufosinate was attributed to its direct interaction with the blastoclad and not the host, which results in development and growth inhibition of the blastoclad. In our P. sedebokerense draft genome, we found that the sequence of GlnS is related to another fungal GlnS, type III, found in many poor known phyla of fungi, including Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, and absent in the main subkingdom of fungi, the Dikarya. We further tested the ability of the blastoclad to utilize nitrate and ammonia as inorganic nitrogen sources and glutamine for growth. We found that P. sedebokerense equally use ammonia and glutamine and use also nitrate, but with less efficiency. Altogether, our results show that GlnS type III is mandatory for the development and growth of P. sedebokerense and could be an efficient target to develop strategies for the control of the fungal parasite of H. lacustris.

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Life history determinants of the susceptibility of the blood alga Haematococcus to infection by Paraphysoderma sedebokerense (Blastocladiomycota)

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies

Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies

Interaction between the cell walls of microalgal host and fungal carbohydrate‐activate enzymes is essential for the pathogenic parasitism process

Paraphysoderma sedebokerense GlnS III Is Essential for the Infection of Its Host Haematococcus lacustris

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