Life history and resource acquisition: Photosynthetic traits in selected accessions of three perennial cereal species compared with annual wheat and rye

Jaikumar, Nikhil S.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Sharkey, Thomas D.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300122

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In addition, there are substantial differences in sink capacity among cassava genotypes (Gleadow, Evans, McCaffery, & Cavagnaro, 2009;Ihemere et al, 2006;Rosenthal et al, 2012). While V TPU reported here for the landraces was close to the average recorded across several species of 10.1 μmol m −2 s −1 at 25°C, it is low compared to other food crops, such as rice (14.5 μmol m −2 s −1 ), rye (18.6 μmol m −2 s −1 ), and wheat (15.8 μmol m −2 s −1 ) (Jaikumar, Snapp, & Sharkey, 2013;Wullschleger, 1993). For the bred farmer-preferred cultivar, V TPU was about one-third of these values (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

Souza

Long

2018

Food and Energy Security

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Despite the vast importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for smallholder farmers in Africa, yields per unit land area have not increased over the past 55 years. Genetic engineering or breeding for increased photosynthetic efficiency may represent a new approach. This requires the understanding of limitations to photosynthesis within existing germplasm. Here, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, and nonstructural carbohydrates content and growth were analyzed in four high‐yielding and farm‐preferred African cultivars: two landraces (TME 7, TME 419) and two improved lines (TMS 98/0581 and TMS 30572). Surprisingly, the two landraces had, on average, 18% higher light‐saturating leaf CO 2 uptake (A sat) than the improved lines due to higher maximum apparent carboxylation rates of Rubisco carboxylation (V cmax) and regeneration of ribulose‐1,5‐biphosphate expressed as electron transport rate (J max). TME 419 also showed a greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Except for the cultivar TMS 30572, photosynthesis in cassava showed a triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation at high intercellular [CO 2]. The capacity for TPU in the leaf would not limit photosynthesis rates under current conditions, but without modification would be a barrier to increasing photosynthetic efficiency to levels predicted possible in this crop. The lower capacity of the lines improved through breeding, may perhaps reflect the predominant need, until now, in cassava breeding for improved disease and pest resistance. However, the availability today of equipment for high‐throughput screening of photosynthetic capacity provides a means to select for maintenance or improvement of photosynthetic capacity while also selecting for pest and disease resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

Souza

Long

2018

Food and Energy Security

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“…The intermediate wheatgrass population we used ( Thinopyrum intermedium ‘TLI-C1’) was a breeding population that had undergone one cycle of selection for grain yield and seed size at The Land Institute (Salina, KS, USA) and has been used for previous studies at this site ( Culman et al , 2013 ; Jaikumar et al , 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered newly emerged leaves on plants of varying ages, so as clearly to separate effects of leaf age from plant age. Intermediate wheatgrass is a Eurasian perennial C 3 grass, closely related to wheat ( Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum ), currently naturalized across North America, with high photosynthetic rate ( Jaikumar et al , 2013 ) and biomass productivity ( Culman et al , 2013 ), and a lifespan of up to 50 years. Thinopyrum spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OlderThinopyrum intermedium(Poaceae) plants exhibit superior photosynthetic tolerance to cold stress and greater increases in two photosynthetic enzymes under freezing stress compared with young plants

Jaikumar

Snapp

Sharkey

2016

EXBOTJ

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“…So the perennials must be able to more than pay the respiration cost of their overwintering biomass. Additionally, comparisons of related perennials with annual crops indicate that the perennials can have a higher rate of photosynthesis (Jaikumar et al, 2013, 2014).…”

Section: Trade‐offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops¹

DeHaan

Tassel

2014

American J of Botany

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Perennial grain crops have been proposed as an elegant solution to numerous problems confronted in modern agriculture. Perennial grains are expected to increase water quality, reduce soil erosion, increase soil carbon, and improve habitat for wildlife ( Cox et al., 2006 ). Furthermore, perennials are predicted to be more resilient to abiotic stress resulting from climate change ( Cox et al., 2006 ). Initiating and expanding perennial grain breeding programs has been proposed as a strategy to address the looming challenges of land degradation, food security, energy supply, and climate change ( Glover et al., 2010 ).Strategies proposed for developing a wide array of new perennial grain crops ( Wagoner and Schaeffer, 1990 ;Cox et al., 2002 ) typically are separated into two groups: wide hybridization and de novo domestication. In de novo domestication, repeated cycles of selection are performed out of a wild perennial population to achieve a high-yielding domestic type. In wide hybridization, an existing grain crop is crossed with a wild perennial relative, and then either the hybrid population is improved, or repeated rounds of backcrossing are performed to introgress genes for perennial growth until the phenotype in other ways resembles the annual crop parent. Here, we will not address the array of genetic effects that are derived from wide hybridizations, but will rather focus our attention on the mechanisms specifi c to early stages of selection from wild populations.The breeding strategies required for selecting out of wild material vs. improving yield of domesticated species are sure to differ. Whereas the fi rst stages of domestication in cereal crops involve dramatic changes that facilitate uniform planting and effi cient harvesting, crop improvement (of existing domestic species) involves improvements in yield and palatability or diversifi cation based on regional adaptation or harvested product qualities ( Olsen and Wendel, 2013 ). Although the early steps toward domestication will include yield gains, the primary objective is to transform the phenotype in ways that make a plant useful to meet human food needs. Subsequent crop improvement is associated with relatively modest incremental morphological changes.Since few grain species have been recently domesticated ( Meyer et al., 2012 ), most plant breeding theory and practice is based on improvement of previously domesticated species. With over a decade of experience domesticating new grain crops (described by Cox et al., 2010 ), we have been searching for genetic insights that are specifi c to taking wild species through the early stages of domestication. We have found strategies for the wholesale remodeling of plants (as is required to develop perennial grains) to be rare in the plant breeding literature. Therefore, we have turned to fi ndings in other fi elds to develop more complete and effi cient strategies for our own programs and, we hope, for the benefi t of colleagues considering the domestication of other wild species.Here we review literature i...

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Life history and resource acquisition: Photosynthetic traits in selected accessions of three perennial cereal species compared with annual wheat and rye

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

OlderThinopyrum intermedium(Poaceae) plants exhibit superior photosynthetic tolerance to cold stress and greater increases in two photosynthetic enzymes under freezing stress compared with young plants

Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops¹

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Life history and resource acquisition: Photosynthetic traits in selected accessions of three perennial cereal species compared with annual wheat and rye

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars

OlderThinopyrum intermedium(Poaceae) plants exhibit superior photosynthetic tolerance to cold stress and greater increases in two photosynthetic enzymes under freezing stress compared with young plants

Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops1

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Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops¹