Life Histories of North American Birds

Bent, Arthur Cleveland

doi:10.2307/1362585

Cited by 27 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Mottled ducks, wood ducks, and gadwalls feed primarily on aquatic plants, but are also reported to ingest animals, including insects, crustaceans, mollusks, and some fish (Bent, 1923(Bent, , 1925Beckwith and Hosford, 1957;Jarosz, 1960;Hester and Dermic!, 1973;Terres, 1980;Ringelman, 1990). Both mottled and wood ducks are resident waterfowl; therefore their isotopic signatures should be reflective of feeding within the Delta.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exotic Submerged Aquatic Vegetation on Waterfowl in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta

Goecker

Valentine

Sklenar

2006

goms

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exotic Submerged Aquatic Vegetation on Waterfowl in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta

Goecker

Valentine

Sklenar

2006

goms

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“…Predation by these animals limits the distribution of mussels in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. Mussels are also an important food source for several species of wildlife in Prince William Sound, including sea otters (Enhydra lutris), river otters (Lutra canadensis), black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani), and some ducks, such as surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Geographic Setting and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mussel beds with residual oil and the risk to foraging wildlife 4 years after the Exxon valdez oil spill

Boehm

Mankiewicz

Reilly

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The grounding of the Exxon Valdez on March 24, 1989, released about 41 million L of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, and oiled about 16% of the Prince William Sound shoreline to various degrees. Although winter storms, cleanups, and natural biodegradation have removed the majority of the oil on the shorelines, some residual oil still remains trapped in sediments immediately below mussel beds. This oil was protected from wave action by the dense covering of mussels. Field surveys found that mussels in such beds constituted less than 3% of the mussels available for foraging in two areas that had been extensively oiled in 1989. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these mussels were also measured. Mean PAH concentrations in mussel tissues ranged between 20 and 4,000 ng/g dry weight and in sediments between 20 and 26,000 ng/g dry weight. Assuming that the species considered most at risk (i.e., harlequin ducks, black oystercatchers, and sea otters) consumed the mussel proportion of their diets exclusively from such beds (at either the median or 95th percentile of mussel tissue PAH concentration), the estimated PAH dosage they would receive was one to three orders of magnitude below doses known to cause sublethal effects in surrogate species. Considering the low frequency of mussel beds with residual oil, the patchy distribution of remaining weathered oil residues, and the relatively low PAH concentrations in the mussels, the risk of quantifiable injury at the level of an individual bird or otter, or at the population level, is minimal. Furthermore, based on a review of the mussel PAH data in Prince William Sound, the risk to wildlife has been minimal since 1990, 1 year after the spill.

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“…1948 ;Berger 1951;Tanner 1953;Tanner and Hendrickson 1954;Lindmeier 1960;Lowther 1961;Bent 1963;Horak 1964;Kaufmann 1971Kaufmann , 1989Stabler and Kitzmiller 1971;Andrews 1973;Baird 1974;Glahn 1974;Stewart 1975;Tacha 1975;Griese 1977;Zimmerman 1977;Beule 1979;Johnsgard 1979Johnsgard , 1980Griese et al 1980;Kantrud and Higgins 1992;Conway and Eddleman 1994;Conway 1995). Virginia Rail nests are generally placed 3-30 cm above water that is 5-33 cm in depth; nests occasionally may be placed on damp or dry ground (Mousley 1937;Walkinshaw 1937;Wood 1937;Provost 1947;Billard 1948;Berger 1951;Bent 1963;Andrews 1973;Baird 1974;Tacha 1975;Stewart 1975;Zimmerman 1977;Johnsgard 1979Johnsgard , 1980Svedarsky 1992;Conway 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virginia Rail nests are generally placed 3-30 cm above water that is 5-33 cm in depth; nests occasionally may be placed on damp or dry ground (Mousley 1937;Walkinshaw 1937;Wood 1937;Provost 1947;Billard 1948;Berger 1951;Bent 1963;Andrews 1973;Baird 1974;Tacha 1975;Stewart 1975;Zimmerman 1977;Johnsgard 1979Johnsgard , 1980Svedarsky 1992;Conway 1995). Virginia Rails avoid nesting near open water (Provost 1947, Andrews 1973), but will nest within 15 m of edges between vegetation types , Glahn 1974, Conway 1995.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virginia Rails arrive on the breeding grounds from mid-March to late May and depart from mid-August to early November (Gillette 1897;Hathorn 1902;Hersey 1910;Cooke 1914;Allen 1934; Walkinshaw 1937;Billard 1948;Pospichal and Marshall 1954;Tanner 1953;Tanner and Hendrickson 1954;Lindmeier 1960;Bent 1963;Parmelee et al 1970;Kaufmann 1971Kaufmann , 1989Andrews 1973;Baird 1974;Tacha 1975;Griese 1977;Griese et al 1980;Faanes 1981;Janssen 1987;Manci and Rusch 1988;Conway 1995;Kent and Dinsmore 1996). The breeding season extends from mid-May to mid-August, and nest initiation peaks from midMay through mid-June (Billard 1948, Stewart 1975, Kent and Dinsmore 1996.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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