Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America

Bilal, Usama; Hessel, Philipp; Pérez-Ferrer, Carolina; Michael, Yvonne L.; Alfaro, Tania; Tenorio‐Mucha, Janeth; Friche, Amélia A L; Pina, Maria de Fátima de; Vives, Alejandra; Quick, Harrison; Alazraqui, Marcio; Rodrı́guez, Daniel A.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Diez‐Roux, Ana V.

doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01214-4

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…4 Moreover, multimorbidity seems to be increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), where data are yet scarce. 5 The increase of life expectancy in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) has been associated with greater incidence of non-communicable conditions, 6 with the consequent emergence of multimorbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimorbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveTo estimate the pooled prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 non-communicable diseases in the same individual) among adults of the general population of Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and LILACS up to 1 July 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe outcome was the prevalence of multimorbidity. Reports were selected whether they enrolled adult individuals (age ≥18 years) from the general population.Data extraction and synthesisReviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias independently. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to report pooled prevalence estimates of multimorbidity; pooled estimates by pre-specified subgroups (eg, national studies) were also pursued.ResultsFrom 5830 results, we selected 28 reports, mostly from Brazil and 16 were based on a nationally representative sample. From the 28 selected reports, 26 were further included in the meta-analysis revealing a pooled multimorbidity prevalence of 43% (95% CI: 35% to 51%; I2: 99.9%). When only reports with a nationally representative sample were combined, the pooled prevalence was 37% (95% CI: 27% to 47%; I2: 99.9%). When the ascertainment of multimorbidity was based on self-reports alone, the pooled prevalence was 40% (95% CI: 31% to 48%; I2: 99.9%); this raised to 52% (95% CI: 33% to 70%; I2: 99.9%) for reports including self-reported and objective diagnosis.ConclusionsOur results complement and advance those from global efforts by incorporating much more reports from LAC. We revealed a larger presence of multimorbidity in LAC than previously reported.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020196177.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimorbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…La explicación teórica más persuasiva respecto al proceso de convergencia argumenta que la relación entre mortalidad y posición socioeconómica se ha mantenido a lo largo del tiempo debido al acceso diferencial de cada clase social a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y a la salud (BILAL et al, 2021;PERALTA et al, 2020;SOARES, 2007;WILMOTH;DENNIS, 2007;MIECH;JINYOUNG;FRED, 2011). Esta explicación de causa-efecto condujo a importantes desarrollos de investigación y contribuciones teóricas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Dado que la planificación de una política de salud exitosa requiere mediciones desagregadas que reflejen razonablemente las variaciones regionales, la falta de estimaciones confiables de mortalidad también tiene un impacto negativo en las políticas públicas (PERALTA et al, 2019;QUEIROZ et al, 2020;FENELON, 2013). Por ello, el trabajo compara la esperanza de vida al nacer entre las áreas menores de esta región con el fin de tener medidas confiables de las desigualdades de salud (ya que es un resultado de salud) en distintas subpoblaciones y de construir información que pueda ser insumo para la planificación de políticas públicas (BILAL et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estimaciones de esperanza de vida al nacer en áreas menores de la región pampeana

Sacco¹,

Williams

Queiroz

2021

Rev. bras. estud. popul.

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Para determinar el nivel y las diferencias de mortalidad entre los departamentos de Argentina entre 2009 y 2011, aplicamos y comparamos estimaciones de esperanza de vida al nacer en la región pampeana. Usamos tres métodos de suavizado: un enfoque bayesiano, un método de tablas de vida relacional y un enfoque indirecto de los niveles de mortalidad, en los departamentos de la región. Los resultados permiten ordenar los departamentos de las provincias de acuerdo con su esperanza de vida (con intervalos de confianza estadísticos) y calcular indicadores de desigualdad intraprovincial. Encontramos que la provincia de Buenos Aires fue la de mayor dispersión medida por el rango y el coeficiente de variación. El artículo contribuye a la discusión y aplicaciones de modelos alternativos para estimar la mortalidad local y proporciona la posibilidad de analizar los patrones espaciales para comprender los resultados demográficos individuales relacionados con características geográficas y socioeconómicas asociadas.

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“…The overcrowding indicator was reverse coded so that higher values all measures indicate a better social environment. Finally, the four measures were summed and divided by 4, assuming equal weights for each one (Bilal, 2021). The SEI index and other covariates were transformed into a Z-score.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and Income Segregation in Brazilian cities: A Nationwide Analysis

Filho

Santos

Andrade

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Urban segregation has brought significant challenges to cities worldwide and has important implications for health. This study aimed to assess income segregation in the 152 largest Brazilian cities included in the SALURBAL Project and identify specific socioeconomic characteristics related to residential segregation by income. Using the Brazilian demographic census database of the year 2010, we calculated the income dissimilarity index (IDI) at census tract level for each SALURBAL city; subsequently comparing it with Gini and other local socioeconomic variables. We evaluated our results' robustness using a bootstrap correction to the IDI to examine the consequences of using different cut-offs of income that were relevant in the context of strong urban and regional inequalities. We identified a 2 minimum wages cut-off as the most appropriate and found little evidence of upward bias in the calculation of the IDI regardless of the cut-off used. Among the 10 most segregated cities, 9 are in the Northeast region, the region with the highest income inequality and poverty in Brazil. Our results indicate that the Gini index and poverty are the main variables associated with residential segregation, measured by the IDI. Social and environmental characteristics were also associated with IDI, reinforcing the notion that access to education, water, sanitation, and better residential conditions are fundamental to improving social equity.

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Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America

Cited by 85 publications

References 42 publications

Multimorbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Multimorbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Estimaciones de esperanza de vida al nacer en áreas menores de la región pampeana

Inequality and Income Segregation in Brazilian cities: A Nationwide Analysis

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