“…As such, S-R paradigms represent static rather than dynamic approaches to the study of stress. Life change research provides an example of a static paradigm in its study of relationships among stressful life events and psychiatric, psychological, and somatic problems (Brown, 1974;Brown, Harris, & Pete, 1973;Brown, Sinclair, Harris, & Birley, 1973;Moos, 1976;Myers, Lindenthal, & Pepper, 1971; Myers, Lindenthal, & Pepper, 1974;Myers, Lindenthal, Pepper, & Ostrander, 1972). The life change model ignores the dynamic transaction between the person and the environment, namely the interaction between stimuli, responses, and moderating factors (Appley & Trumbull, 1967;Hinkle, 1974;Lazarus, 1971;Levi, 1974).…”