Life Events and Depressive Disorder Reviewed

Lloyd, Camille

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780180055005

Cited by 347 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…For example, uncontrollable stressful events, which precipitate depression-like behaviors observed in rodents, similarly precede the onset of some clinical depression in humans (Gold et al, 1988; Lloyd, 1980). Moreover, exposure of animals to similar but controllable events does not produce relevant behavioral changes (Corum and Thurmond, 1977; Weiss et al, 1982).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recent progress in animal models of depression

Wang

Timberlake

Prall

et al. 2017

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

289

195

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Major depression disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the growing number of studies that have emerged, the precise underlying mechanisms of MDD remain unknown. When studying MDD, tissue samples like peripheral blood or post-mortem brain samples are used to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Unfortunately, there are many uncontrollable factors with such samples such as medication history, age, time after death before post-mortem tissue was collected, age, sex, race, and living conditions. Although these factors are critical, they introduce confounding variables that can influence the outcome profoundly. In this regard, animal models provide a crucial approach to examine neural circuitry and molecular and cellular pathways in a controlled environment. Further, manipulations with pharmacological agents and gene editing are accepted methods of studying depression in animal models, which is impossible to employ in human patient studies. Here, we have reviewed the most widely used animal models of depression and delineated the salient features of each model in terms of behavioral and neurobiological outcomes. We have also illustrated the current challenges in using these models and have suggested strategies to delineate the underlying mechanism associated with vulnerability or resilience to developing depression.

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Section: Animal Models Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recent progress in animal models of depression

Wang

Timberlake

Prall

et al. 2017

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

289

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6–8 In addition, antecedent chronic stressors have been linked to poorer prognosis, more frequent relapse, and higher depressive symptoms. 9–12 Notably, for adolescents in particular, life stress plays a central role in MDD onset. 13,14 Adolescents experience a greater frequency of interpersonal stressors relative to younger and older individuals, 15 which may stem from a greater investment in peer relationships coupled with increased autonomy from parents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Depression

Auerbach

Admon

Pizzagalli

2014

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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Adolescence is a peak period for the onset of depression, and it is also a time marked by substantial stress as well as neural development within the brain reward circuitry. In the current review, we provide a selective overview of current animal and human research investigating the relationship among reward processes, stress, and depression. Three separate, but related, etiological models examine the differential roles that stress may play with regard to reward dysfunction and adolescent depression. First, the reward mediation model suggests that acute and chronic stress contribute to reward deficits, which in turn, potentiate depressive symptoms and/or increase the risk for depression. Second, in line with the stress generation perspective, it is plausible that premorbid reward-related dysfunction generates stress, in particular interpersonal stress, which then leads to the manifestation of depressive symptoms. Last, consistent with a diathesis-stress model, the interaction between stress and premorbid reward dysfunction may contribute to the onset of depression. Given the equifinal nature of depression, these models could shed important light on different etiological pathways during adolescence, particularly as they may relate to understanding the heterogeneity of depression. To highlight the translational potential of these insights, a hypothetical case study is provided as means of demonstrating the importance of targeting reward dysfunction in both assessment and treatment of adolescent depression.

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“…Work from the 1960s to 1980s elucidated a stress-illness model (Paykel et al , 1969; Myers et al , 1975; Lloyd, 1980; Aneshensel & Stone, 1982) that has been reaffirmed by more recent research on the social determinants of health. Both recent and chronic unemployment have been associated with depressive symptoms (Fortney et al , 2007; Gilchrist & Gunn, 2007; Mascaro et al , 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Depressive Symptoms and Their Social Contexts: a Qualitative Systematic Literature Review of Contextual Interventions

Gottlieb

Waitzkin

Miranda

2010

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background Numerous observational studies demonstrate associations between social context and depressive symptoms, yet few intervention trials exist in this arena. Aims This review examines intervention trials that explore the impact of contextual change on depressive symptoms. Methods Electronic literature databases of PubMed and PsycINFO, bibliographies of retrieved articles and the publicly available internet were searched for English-language articles published between 1997 and 2008. Peer-reviewed studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported contextual interventions and depressive symptoms measures in adult populations without other significant underlying medical or psychological illness. In total, 2,128 studies met search term criteria. Of these, 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria were classified by type of intervention. Qualitative synthesis was used to interpret the mental health impact of contextual interventions. Results The interventions focused on employment, housing, poverty, parenting and violence. Eight of these studies reported a decrease in depressive symptoms and/or psychological distress in intervention groups. Interventions varied in focus, length of follow-up and measures of depressive symptoms. Conclusions Contextual interventions for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms and psychological distress can be effective, though very limited data exist in this field. Policy implications include a greater emphasis on improving context to decrease depression and other mental disorders.

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Life Events and Depressive Disorder Reviewed

Cited by 347 publications

References 88 publications

The recent progress in animal models of depression

The recent progress in animal models of depression

Adolescent Depression

Depressive Symptoms and Their Social Contexts: a Qualitative Systematic Literature Review of Contextual Interventions

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