“…However, the LCM perspective has been described as “going beyond the traditional focus on single production sites and manufacturing processes so to include environmental, social and economic impact of a product over its entire life cycle” (Remmen et al, 2007, p. 12; see also Bey, 2018). The idea is a holistic perspective on environmental management in the whole product life cycle (i.e., from raw material extraction through to product end-of-life), and a logic of minimizing the total environmental impact of a product, independent of the place of occurrence in the product chain (e.g., Baumann & Tillman, 2004; Hunkeler et al, 2003; Poikkimäki, 2006; Sonnemann, Gemechu, Remmen, Frydendal, & Jensen, 2015), while also ensuring the absence of suboptimizations (e.g., Baumann & Tillman, 2004; Bey, 2018; Welford, 2003). One, out of several definitions, propose LCM to be aproduct management system aiming to minimize environmental and socioeconomic burdens associated with an organization’s product or product portfolio during its entire life cycle and value chain.
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