Life Cycle Inventories - New Experiences to Save Environmental Loads and Costs

Schuckert, Manfred; Beddies, H.; Gediga, Johannes; Florin, H.; Eyerer, Peter; Schweimer, G.W.

doi:10.4271/971171

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on life cycle energy of 995 GJ (Sullivan et al ) for a 1,532 kg vehicle, the treatment presented here estimates energy and carbon VMA burdens to range between 3.5% and 4.5% of their total vehicle life cycle counterparts, even when considering some uncertainty due to part manufacturing overhead yet to be quantified. Other percentages extracted from the literature are 4% (Sullivan et al ), 4.4% (Schuckert et al ), and 5% (Kobayashi ). However, the relatively consistent magnitude of all these percentages merely demonstrates that VMA‐stage E vm and C vm are a small component of their total vehicle life cycle counterparts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Model for the Part Manufacturing and Vehicle Assembly Component of the Vehicle Life Cycle Inventory

Sullivan¹,

Burnham²,

Wang³

2012

J of Industrial Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Keywords:automobile industrial ecology life cycle energy analysis life cycle inventory (LCI) material/transformation process distribution vehicle and parts manufacturing Supporting information is available on the JIE Web site SummaryA model is presented for calculating the environmental burdens of the part manufacturing and vehicle assembly (VMA) stage of the vehicle life cycle. The model is based on a process-level approach, accounting for all significant materials by their transformation processes (aluminum castings, polyethylene blow molding; etc.) and plant operation activities (painting; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning [HVAC], etc.) germane to VMA. Using quantitative results for these material/transformation process pairings, a percent-by-weight material/transformation distribution (MTD) function was developed that permits the model to be applied to a range of vehicles, both conventional and advanced (e.g., hybrid electric, light weight, aluminum intensive). Upon consolidation of all inputs, the model reduces to two terms: one proportional to vehicle mass and a plant overhead per vehicle term. When the model is applied to a materially well-characterized conventional vehicle, reliable estimates of cumulative energy consumption (34 gigajoules/vehicle) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions (2 tonnes/vehicle) with coefficients of variation are computed for the VMA life cycle stage. Due to the more comprehensive coverage of manufacturing operations, our energy estimates are on the higher end of previously published values. Nonetheless, they are still somewhat underestimated due to a lack of data on overhead operations in part manufacturing facilities and transportation of parts and materials between suppliers and vehicle manufacturing operations. For advanced vehicles, the material/transformation process distribution developed above needs some adjusting for different materials and components. Overall, energy use and CO 2 emissions from the VMA stage are about 3.5% to 4.5% of total life cycle values for vehicles.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schuckert and colleagues () estimated the VMA cumulative energy for a 1,040 kilogram (kg) European sedan (a Volkswagen Golf). They, like Kobayashi (), included in their estimate process data, though detailed unit process energy rate information (e.g., megajoules per kilogram [MJ/kg]) was not given .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for the Part Manufacturing and Vehicle Assembly Component of the Vehicle Life Cycle Inventory

Sullivan¹,

Burnham²,

Wang³

2012

J of Industrial Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, for the reasons just stated, such variation should not be surprising. Berry and Fels (1972) 23.2 Brown et al (1996) 52.8 Galitsky et al (2008) 15.1 Kobayashi (2007) 19.9 1.04 Schuckert et al (1997) 24.1 1.43 a Sullivan and Hu (1995) 30.6 Sullivan et al (1998b) 39.9 2.61 Boyd (2005) 13.5 b a Estimated from data in reference b Does not include plants with stamping, machining, and casting Berry and Fels (1972) were among the first to calculate the VMA primary energy consumption, E vm . Their approach uses financial, material, and energy data from the Census of Manufacturers.…”

Section: Scope and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the two other studies just discussed, he provided an estimate of C vm (see Table 1). Schuckert et al (1997) also estimated VMA cumulative energy and CO 2 emissions for a 1040-kg European sedan. They found E vm to be 24.1 GJ.…”

Section: Scope and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Berry and Fels, 1972;Kobayashi, 1997;Schuckert et al, 1997;Sullivan and Hu, 1995;Sullivan et al, 1998a;Sullivan et al, 1998b;USAMP, 1999), the contribution of the VMA stage burdens of E vm and C vm have been found to be relatively small. In fact, the USAMP study (1999) reported it to be around 4% for both total LCE and life cycle CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Significance Of E Vm and C Vm To The Total Vehicle Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation