Life‐cycle‐integrated thermoeconomic and enviroeconomic assessments of the small‐scale‐liquefied natural gas cold utilization systems

Kanbur, Barış Burak; Xiang, Liming; Dubey, Swapnil; Choo, Fook Hoong; Duan, Fei

doi:10.1002/er.4510

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, environmental analysis concerning carbon dioxide emission will be conducted by comparing renewable energy-based studies for feasible application. 62,63…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developed hydrogen liquefaction process using liquefied natural gas cold energy: Design, energy optimization, and techno‐economic feasibility

Cho

Park

Noh

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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This study focuses primarily on improving large-scale hydrogen liquefaction process by integrating liquefied natural gas (LNG) stream to utilize LNG cold energy. For the hydrogen liquefaction process, a large amount of energy is required for the compression and the cryogenic refrigeration system. LNG is one of the main sources for producing hydrogen, and it can be an opportunity to save energy because LNG cold energy is normally discarded into seawater during regasification. The objective of this study is to reduce the specific energy consumption and specific liquefaction cost. The proposed design which produces 300 ton/day of liquid hydrogen is compared with a base case design comprising two-stage mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycles. To minimize the specific energy consumption, multiparameter optimization is conducted by connecting simulation results to a genetic algorithm. Through the optimization, the flow rates of LNG and MR in the precooling cycle decrease by 1.08 and 21.00 kg/s, respectively. The specific energy consumption is reduced from 4.36 to 4.07 kWh/kg-LH 2 . Particularly, in the precooling cycle where the LNG stream is integrated, it decreases by more than 26.40%. Regarding the specific liquefaction cost of hydrogen liquefaction, the capital expenses are reduced by 15.16%, and annual operating expenses are diminished by 9.05%. Therefore, the total specific cost liquefaction shows a reduction of approximately 7.7%.Overall, an efficient hydrogen liquefaction process will provide a guideline for LNG-dependent countries by reducing the specific energy consumption and the specific liquefaction cost by recovering the waste cold energy.

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“…Furthermore, environmental analysis concerning carbon dioxide emission will be conducted by comparing renewable energy-based studies for feasible application. 62,63…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies will be performed on the exergoeconomic evaluation based on the exergy analysis in the proposed model. Furthermore, environmental analysis concerning carbon dioxide emission will be conducted by comparing renewable energy‐based studies for feasible application 62,63 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developed hydrogen liquefaction process using liquefied natural gas cold energy: Design, energy optimization, and techno‐economic feasibility

Cho

Park

Noh

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…For more detailed economic assessments, the life cycle costing‐based economic analyses (eg, payback period calculation via cumulative present worth trends, or return on investment analyses via annual costs) can be preferred. C w is calculated by the product of distilled water rate with the unit water cost of Singapore c w , as shown in Equation ),

C_{w} = c_{w} \cdot {\dot{m}}_{dw},

where c w = 2.74 m 3 /h, 40 and

{\dot{m}}_{dw} = {\dot{m}}_{3} - {\dot{m}}_{4} = {\dot{m}}_{7} - {\dot{m}}_{6}

. C hyb is the summation of the annual electricity cost of the hybrid system,

C_{{italicel}_{hyb}}

, annual operation and maintenance cost of the hybrid system,

C_{{italicOM}_{hyb}}

, and the annual replacement cost of the hybrid system,

C_{{italicRC}_{hyb}}

.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐criteria thermoeconomic and thermodynamic assessments of the desalination‐integrated two‐phase liquid‐immersion data center cooling system

Kanbur

Duan

2020

Int J Energy Res

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The waste heat management of the data center cooling systems has a significant share in the energy-efficient operations of the data centers. In this study, a new hybrid desalination-data center cooling system is proposed to reduce the cost drawback of the waste heat in the data center cooling operations. A two-phase liquid-immersion cooling unit is selected as the data center cooling method with the cooling load range of 0.7 to 1.5 kW. It is a promising solution thanks to the high heat flux removal performance but there is still a lack of research about waste heat management. The waste heat of the immersion cooling system is used to heat up the feed side of the desalination module. A direct contact membrane distillation system as preferred as the desalination module with the membrane area range of 5 to 75 cm 2. The proposed hybrid system is investigated according to the thermodynamic, economic, and thermoeconomic aspects. The thermoeconomic assessment is done concerning the unique exergy-cost matrix of the original design. The maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies are found as 64.5% and 53.7%, respectively. The daily distilled water rate can reach 6.13 kg at the highest cooling load and membrane area. Compared to the stand-alone data center cooling operation, the hybrid system has higher capital and operation costs. The payback period is found 3.72 years that means the proposed system is economically feasible for real applications. Also, the levelized product cost of the hybrid design is calculated in the range of 2.69 to 5.33 SGD/h. In the multiobjective optimization study, the best trade-off point is decided at the cooling load of 1.1 kW whilst the membrane area varies between 5.12 and 5.19 cm 2 .

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“…Compared with traditional diesel fuel, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has a low price and a high combustion calorific value, which can provide more heat and greatly reduce the emissions of polluting gases, for example, CO 2 , sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides 2 . Therefore, in the past decade, LNG has been widely applied and popularized in many energy fields, such as the thermal power generation, heavy truck transportation and district heating 3,4 . Promoted by the Tier III emission control standards of the international maritime organization in 2020, 5,6 LNG powered ships have been greatly developed, and the technology of LNG‐diesel dual fuel engine is becoming more and more mature in the shipping industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Therefore, in the past decade, LNG has been widely applied and popularized in many energy fields, such as the thermal power generation, heavy truck transportation and district heating. 3,4 Promoted by the Tier III emission control standards of the international maritime organization in 2020, 5,6 LNG powered ships have been greatly developed, and the technology of LNG-diesel dual fuel engine is becoming more and more mature in the shipping industry. Generally, the LNG fuel is stored in a fuel tank in the liquid form at 110 K under normal pressure, and needs to be gasified and heated into fuel gas at a certain pressure with a suitable temperature required by the dual fuel engine and auxiliary equipment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Redundant energy combination and recovery scheme for dual fuel carriers based on thermoelectric harvesting with a large temperature range

Wang

Han

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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On most dual fuel ships, the waste heat of engine exhaust gas and the cooling capacity of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the fuel regasification process are not effectively used. In order to recover these redundant energy under the large temperature difference around 600 K, thermoelectric technology provides a feasible solution with the advantages of small size, no noise and high stability. In this article, a waste energy recovery system has been developed for LNG-diesel dual fuel ships using multistage thermoelectric generators (TEGs) scheme. According to the thermodynamic analysis and the materials selection, the recoverable energy, recovery form and thermoelectric materials used in the large temperature range of the dual fuel ship were determined. A multistage TEGs model considering the temperature distribution, fluid properties, connection methods and contact effects has been developed to predict the thermoelectric performance under the operating condition with large temperature difference. The results show that the maximum conversion efficiency can reach up to 18.54% with appropriate thermoelectric materials in different temperature zones and suitable multistage series-parallel schemes. Besides, the thermoelectric conversion effect makes the temperature distribution of the cold and hot fluids in the TEG quite different from that in the traditional heat exchangers. The output characteristics of TEGs are directly affected by the flow parameters of the cold and hot fluids and the connection methods of thermoelectric elements. This study provides a brand-new inspiration for developing the waste energy recovery and corresponding power conversion system on LNG-diesel dual fuel ships.

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Life‐cycle‐integrated thermoeconomic and enviroeconomic assessments of the small‐scale‐liquefied natural gas cold utilization systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Developed hydrogen liquefaction process using liquefied natural gas cold energy: Design, energy optimization, and techno‐economic feasibility

Developed hydrogen liquefaction process using liquefied natural gas cold energy: Design, energy optimization, and techno‐economic feasibility

Multi‐criteria thermoeconomic and thermodynamic assessments of the desalination‐integrated two‐phase liquid‐immersion data center cooling system

Redundant energy combination and recovery scheme for dual fuel carriers based on thermoelectric harvesting with a large temperature range

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