Life Cycle CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Emissions of a Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel Generating System

Kemmoku, Yoshishige; Ishikawa, Keiko; Nakagawa, S.; Kawamoto, Teru; Sakakibara, Tateki

doi:10.1541/ieejpes1990.120.7_923

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“… No LCA value was available for the BP SX 3200B PV unit, so a value of 72.4 g CO2-eq kWh -1 for a similar unit was used [49].  The lead-acid batteries have the greatest associated emissions, at 180 g CO2-eq kWh -1 , derived from a number of sources [50][51][52].…”

Section: Estimating the Microgrid's Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation and optimisation study: Towards a decentralised microgrid, using real world fluctuation data

Quiggin

Cornell

Tierney

et al. 2012

Energy

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A transition to a decentralised, decarbonised energy system for the domestic sector is constrained by the difficulty of obtaining energy balance between fluctuating demand and the intermittent, non-dispatchable power supply delivered by most renewables. A microgrid system including a mix of renewable generation technologies, energy storage and demand-response systems has been modelled using a linear programming approach, based on real-world data of residential energy consumption and weather variables. This model allows the exploration of the effects of fluctuations in demand and supply, microgrid scale and configuration, energy management options and alternative optimisation criteria. The model demonstrates quantitatively that a mixed-renewables microgrid system can reduce demand fluctuations and improve energy balance. Peak demand hour fluctuations were reduced by up to 19% for a simulated microgrid containing 144 households with one renewable unit and four batteries per household, with a renewables mix of 83% photovoltaic panels and 17% wind turbines. With this system, the demand on macrogrid energy supply was reduced by 16%, CO2 emissions associated with energy use were reduced by 10% for all hours of operation, and by 74% during the hours of renewable supply. These findings suggest that microgrids using contemporary technologies can contribute significantly to CO2 mitigation targets.

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Section: Estimating the Microgrid's Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation and optimisation study: Towards a decentralised microgrid, using real world fluctuation data

Quiggin

Cornell

Tierney

et al. 2012

Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from End-use Heat and Power Supplying Systems

2004

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It is required for the energy systems to satisfy simultaneous solutions to the problems, such as cost reduction, global warming, assurance of energy security, and resource conservation. To evaluate optimal end-use energy systems from the stand point of CO 2 emissions, we apply a comprehensive approach based on the life cycle assessment. Several combinations of electricity and heat supplying systems are compared. They include the electricity driven heat pump, gas engine co-generation, absorption refrigeration and so on. Calculations represent total CO 2 emission by energy consumption of several operation patterns, based on the actual data of energy demand, CO 2 intensity of the grid electricity and the equipment specifications. The results indicate that CO 2 emissions can be minimized by maximum utilization of electricity from the grid.

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Comparison of Operating Methods of Battery in a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery Power System

et al. 2002

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A new method for operating a stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery hybrid power system is presented. The system, especially its diesel generator, is controlled so that the battery charge is kept at a specified level. The battery is charged when its present charge level is lower than the specified level and discharged when higher. A simulation is carried out over one year using the hourly data of electric load, insolation, temperature, and wind speed at Kamishima Island, Japan in 1996. This method is compared with other methods: a conventional operating method and a dynamic programming operating method. The results show that in regards to the fuel consumption of diesel generator, the proposed operating method is superior to the conventional method although not than the DP method, and the fuel consumption has a minimum if the PV energy is same as the wind energy.Keywords: photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system, simulation, operating method, battery charge-level, fuel consumption 1. IntroductionStand-alone diesel generator units, while being relatively reasonable in cost, are generally expensive to operate and maintain especially at low load levels. However, integrating them to a wind turbine generator, a photovoltaic generator and a battery storage becomes cost-effective. Besides being emission-free, the energy coming from the wind and sunrays are available at no cost. In addition, they offer a solution for power supply to remote areas that are not accessible by the utility company, and to developing countries that are poor in fossil-based resources. The interest in renewable energy forms is indeed growing worldwide [1]. From the view point of reducing CO2 emission, utilization of wind and photovoltaic energies have been positively in advanced [2].Because of the variation of regions, seasons and weather conditions, power outputs from these two kinds of energy sources are very unstable and power densities are also low relatively [3]. Thus it is limited when they are applied exclusively. In fact, the supply of renewable energies may not coincide with electricity demand. So, the battery must be provided for this missing link [4]. The main purpose of introducing the battery storage is to import/export energy depending upon the situation. The following basic operating strategy is employed [5]: -The use of electric power generated by the wind turbine generator and photovoltaic generator has priority in satisfying electricity demand over that provided by the batteries or by the diesel generator. If the total electric power generated by the wind turbine generators and photovoltaic generator is higher than the demand, the additional electric power will be charged into the battery. After charging the battery, the electric power that remains is disposed of.If the total electric power generated by the wind turbine generator and the photovoltaic generator is less than the demand, electric power will be discharged from the batteries to supply the demand because once the battery is bought, their major cost would have bee...

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Life Cycle CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions of a Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel Generating System

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A simulation and optimisation study: Towards a decentralised microgrid, using real world fluctuation data

A simulation and optimisation study: Towards a decentralised microgrid, using real world fluctuation data

Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from End-use Heat and Power Supplying Systems

Comparison of Operating Methods of Battery in a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery Power System

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