Life cycle assessment review of struvite precipitation in wastewater treatment

Exploring the effect of a peptide additive on struvite formation and morphology: a high-throughput method

“…[4][5][6][7] Life cycle assessment studies have shown struvite precipitation from wastewater is comparable or better economically than that of conventional wastewater treatment processes with the added benet of recovering a useful product while simultaneously removing excess phosphorus and nitrogen from water systems. 8 Struvite is a slow release fertilizer that precipitates readily out of solution at basic pH according to the following equation.…”

Environmental impacts of phosphorus recovery from a “product” Life Cycle Assessment perspective: Allocating burdens of wastewater treatment in the production of sludge-based phosphate fertilizers

“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to estimate environmental impacts of sludge-based phosphate fertilizers from a diffuse P resource from a "product" LCA perspective. According to the review of Sena and Hicks (2018), several authors define a functional unit that focuses on using struvite precipitation to recover or remove P from the waste stream. Consequently, they do not consider upstream burdens of wastewater treatment when calculating environmental impacts of struvite production, thus conducting their studies from a "waste" LCA perspective.…”

“…One unsolved question remains the overall environmental impacts of recovering this dissipated P compared to extracting phosphate from rocks. Some studies have assessed environmental impacts of sludge used as phosphate fertilizer using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (Sena and Hicks, 2018). Johansson et al (2008) and Linderholm et al (2012) compared four alternative options for handling sludge, with use of its P as fertilizer on agricultural soils.…”

“…This assertion was shared by several authors who also started to question the "zero burden assumption" (Cleary, 2010;Holden;Oldfield and Holden, 2014;Oldfield et al, 2018) by considering that the status of "waste" is subjective and questionable, especially if it has a high nutrient or energy-recovery potential. However, most LCA studies dealing with P recovery still consider sludge as a waste (Sena and Hicks, 2018). To raise awareness of the need to consider upstream production of waste-based products in LCA, we performed LCA of a case study of sludge-based fertilizer production.…”

The application of phytoremediation method to wastewater treatment of nickel ore extraction industry based on the expert stakeholder perspective

“…One of the methods to evaluate the environmental impact due to the wastewater treatment system is by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [6]. LCA is a holistic method of analysis that quantifies the environmental impacts of a product, process, or system by tracking the material and energy flows from a raw material extraction through manufacturing and use to the end of life [7].…”