Life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper produced in Portugal

Dias, Ana Cláudia; Arroja, Luís; Capela, Isabel

doi:10.1007/s11367-006-0266-4

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Up to date, LCA has already been considered to evaluate the environmental impact of woodrelated products (Rex and Baumann 2007). Recent publications on LCA have studied forest-based products such as paper and pulp (Dias et al 2007a;González-García et al 2009a), boards (Rivela et al 2006a;Rivela et al 2007;González-García et al 2009b), furniture and/or wood floor coverings (Nebel et al 2006;Werner and Richter 2007) as well as the use of wood wastes in ephemeral architecture (Rivela et al 2006b). It is important to take into account that forestry can be challenging in LCA studies due to the different scales of the stand management in young stands compared to forest operations in mature stands (such as logging or secondary hauling).…”

Section: Background Aim and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of forest production and supply of pulpwood: Spanish and Swedish case studies

González‐García

Berg

Feijoo

et al. 2009

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Background, aim and scope Forest operations use large amounts of energy, which must be considered when life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to forest products. Forest management practices differ considerably between countries and may also differ within a country. This paper aims to identify and compare the environmental burdens from forest operations in Sweden and Spain focused on pulpwood production and supply to pulp mills. Materials and methods To perform the analysis, the main forest plantations were investigated as well as the most important tree species used in pulp mills in both countries: eucalyptus and, Norway spruce and Scots pine, were taken into account for the Spanish and Swedish case studies, respectively. Energy requirements for pulpwood production and supply to Spanish and Swedish pulp mills are evaluated in this paper. All forest operations from site preparation to extraction of felled wood to the delivery point at the roadside are included within the system boundaries as well as wood transport from forest landing to the pulp mill gate. Seedling and machinery production are excluded from the system boundaries due to lack of field data. The impact assessment phase was carried out according to the Swedish Environmental Management Council and, in particular, the impact categories assessed in forest and agricultural LCAs (global warming, acidification, eutrophication and photochemical oxidant formation) were analysed. SimaPro 7.10 software was used to perform the impact assessment stage. Results Different types of wood are produced in both case studies: softwood in Sweden and hardwood in Spain, with higher production of round wood and biomass per hectare in Sweden. Total energy use for pulpwood production and supply are in a similar order of magnitude, up to 395 MJ and 370 MJ/m 3 solid under bark in Spain and Sweden, respectively. Field operations, such as silviculture and logging, are more energy-intensive in the Spanish case study. However, secondary hauling of pulpwood to pulp mill requires more energy in the Swedish case study. These important differences are related to different forest management practices as well as to pulpwood supply to the pulp mill. The eventual imports of pulpwood, application of pesticides, thinning step or final felling considerably affects energy requirements, which are reflected on the environmental results. Discussion Although differences between both case studies were observed, several stages were investigated: wood delivery to the pulp mill by road, harvesting and forwarding, contribute considerably to acidification, eutrophication and global warming potential in both cases. The type of wood, the machines used in forest operations (mechanised or motor-manual), the use of fossil fuels and the amount of wood produced influence the results. These differences must be kept in mind in comparative studies between such different countries. Conclusions The results obtained in this work allow one to forecast the importance of forest operations in LCA of forest pr...

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Section: Background Aim and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of forest production and supply of pulpwood: Spanish and Swedish case studies

González‐García

Berg

Feijoo

et al. 2009

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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“…A pragmatic short-term solution could be to link global ecological footprint indicators into the ToSIA framework for those environmental impacts that have already been assessed with LCA e.g. (Dias et al 2007;González-García et al 2009) or ecological footprint assessments (Nie et al 2010;Wackernagel and Rees 1996). However, it would be important to cover also social and economic aspects of global forest resource use and subsequent FWCs (Charnley 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting sustainability impact assessments of forestry-wood chains: examples of ToSIA applications

et al. 2011

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Within the EFORWOOD project, new methodological approaches to assess the sustainability impacts of forestry-wood chains (FWC) were developed by using indicators of environmental, social and economic relevance. This paper introduces and discusses the developed approach and the two main products developed in the EFORWOOD project: the Database Client and the Tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment (ToSIA), which hold, calculate and integrate the extensive information and data collected. Sustainability impact assessment (SIA) of FWCs is based on measuring and analysing environmental, economic and social indicators for all of the production processes along the value chain. The adoption of the method varies between applications and depends on the specification of the FWC in the assessment and what questions are studied. ToSIA is very flexible and can apply forest-, product-, industry-and consumer-defined perspectives.

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“…Recent publications on LCA have studied wood products such as paper and pulp (Dias et al 2007a;González-García et al 2009a), boards (Rivela et al 2006a(Rivela et al , 2007González-García et al 2009b, 2011a, floor coverings (Petersen and Solberg 2004;Nebel et al 2006), window frames (Richter and Gugerli 1996;Asif et al 2002;Tarantini et al 2011), walls (Werner 2001), furniture (Taylor and van Langenberg 2003), containers (González-García et al 2011b), chairs (Fet et al 2009), writing paper (Lopes et al 2003) and packaging materials (Farreny et al 2008) as well as the use of wood wastes in ephemeral architecture (Rivela et al 2006b). …”

Section: Framework Of Forest Operations In Lca Studies (State Of Art)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact Assessment of Forest Operations and Pulp Manufacture

González‐García

Feijoó

Berg

et al. 2014

The Management of Industrial Forest Plantations

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Life cycle assessment of printing and writing paper produced in Portugal

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Environmental impacts of forest production and supply of pulpwood: Spanish and Swedish case studies

Environmental impacts of forest production and supply of pulpwood: Spanish and Swedish case studies

Conducting sustainability impact assessments of forestry-wood chains: examples of ToSIA applications

Environmental Impact Assessment of Forest Operations and Pulp Manufacture

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