Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emission from the dairy production system — review

Singaravadivelan, Arunasalam; Sachin, Patil B.; Harikumar, S.; Vijayakumar, Periyasamy; Vindhya, M. V.; Farhana, F. M. Beegum; Rameesa, K. K.; Mathew, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s11250-023-03748-4

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Dairy production is associated with the emission of various atmospheric pollutants and the primary sources of GHG emissions from dairy production systems are CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O, which are primarily produced through enteric fermentation, feed production, manure production, and management processes [ 66 ]. These three gases contribute negatively to the greenhouse effect, soil pollution, and aquatic pollution [ 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ammonia Emissions and Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Cattle Facilities: A Bibliometric Analysis

Ferraz,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Animals

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A deeper understanding of gas emissions in milk production is crucial for promoting productive efficiency, sustainable resource use, and animal welfare. This paper aims to analyze ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions in dairy farming using bibliometric methods. A total of 187 English-language articles with experimental data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases (January 1987 to April 2024) were reviewed. Publications notably increased from 1997, with the highest number of papers published in 2022. Research mainly focuses on ammonia and methane emissions, including quantification, volatilization, and mitigation strategies. Other gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen sulfide were also studied. Key institutions include the University of California–Davis and Aarhus University. Bibliometric analysis revealed research evolution, identifying trends, gaps, and future research opportunities. This bibliometric analysis offers insights into emissions, air quality, sustainability, and animal welfare in dairy farming, highlighting areas for innovative mitigation strategies to enhance production sustainability. This research contributes to academia, enhancing agricultural practices, and informing environmental policies. It is possible to conclude that this research is a valuable tool for understanding the evolution of research on gas emissions in dairy cattle facilities, providing guidance for future studies and interventions to promote more sustainable production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ammonia Emissions and Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Cattle Facilities: A Bibliometric Analysis

Ferraz,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Dairy cattle and high milk productivity systems have higher emission factors due to higher dry matter intake and methane yield (Singaravadivelan et al, 2023). The IPCC (2019) gives different tiers of guidelines to incorporate this information into countries' bottom-up estimates.…”

Section: Livestock Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite quantification of methane emissions from South American countries: A high-resolution inversion of TROPOMI and GOSAT observations

Hancock,

Jacob,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. We use 2021 TROPOMI and GOSAT satellite observations of atmospheric methane in an analytical inversion to quantify national methane emissions from South America at up to 25 km × 25 km resolution. From the inversion, we derive optimal posterior estimates of methane emissions correcting the national anthropogenic emission inventories reported by individual countries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and taken here as prior estimates. We also evaluate two alternative wetland emission inventories (WetCHARTs and LPJ-wsl) as prior estimates. Our best posterior estimates for wetland emissions are consistent with previous inventories for the Amazon but lower for the Pantanal and higher for the Parana. Our best posterior estimate of South American anthropogenic emissions is 48 (41–56) Tg a-1, where numbers in parentheses are the range from our inversion ensemble. This is 55 % higher than UNFCCC reports and is dominated by livestock (65 % of anthropogenic total). We find that TROPOMI and GOSAT observations can effectively optimize and separate national emissions by sector for 10 of the 13 countries and territories in the region, 7 of which account for 93 % of continental anthropogenic emissions: Brazil (19 (16–23) Tg a−1), Argentina (9.2 (7.9–11) Tg a−1 ), Venezuela (7.0 (5.5-9.9) Tg a−1), Colombia (5.0 (4.4–6.7) Tg a−1), Peru (2.4 (1.6–3.9) Tg a−1), Bolivia (0.96 (0.66–1.2) Tg a−1), and Paraguay (0.93 (0.88 – 1.0) Tg a−1). Our estimates align with UNFCCC reports for Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, but are significantly higher for other countries. Emissions in all countries are dominated by livestock (mainly enteric fermentation) except for oil/gas in Venezuela and landfills in Peru. Methane intensities from the oil/gas industry are high in Venezuela (33 %), Colombia (6.5 %) and Argentina (5.9 %). Country-average emission factors for enteric fermentation from cattle in UNFCCC reports are in the range 46–60 kg head-1 a-1, close to the IPCC Tier 1 estimate which is mostly based on data from Brazil. Our inversion yields cattle enteric fermentation emission factors consistent with the UNFCCC reports for Brazil and Bolivia but a factor of two higher for other countries. The discrepancy for Argentina can be corrected by using IPCC Tier 2 emission estimates accounting for high milk production.

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“…The primary sources of GHG emissions from ruminants are methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [ 8 ]. Enteric fermentation, feed production, manure production, and management operations are the main sources of these emissions [ 9 ]. Dairy production contributes to global warming because of the emission of methane, a highly potent GHG [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Dairy Cow Health and Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Džermeikaitė,

Krištolaitytė,

Antanaitis

2024

Animals

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The dairy industry is facing criticism for its role in exacerbating global GHG emissions, as climate change becomes an increasingly pressing issue. These emissions mostly originate from methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). An optimal strategy involves the creation of an economical monitoring device to evaluate methane emissions from dairy animals. Livestock production systems encounter difficulties because of escalating food demand and environmental concerns. Enhancing animal productivity via nutrition, feeding management, reproduction, or genetics can result in a decrease in CH4 emissions per unit of meat or milk. This CH4 unit approach allows for a more accurate comparison of emissions across different animal production systems, considering variations in productivity. Expressing methane emissions per unit allows for easier comparison between different sources of emissions. Expressing emissions per unit (e.g., per cow) highlights the relative impact of these sources on the environment. By quantifying emissions on a per unit basis, it becomes easier to identify high-emission sources and target mitigation efforts accordingly. Many environmental policies and regulations focus on reducing emissions per unit of activity or output. By focusing on emissions per unit, policymakers and producers can work together to implement practices that lower emissions without sacrificing productivity. Expressing methane emissions in this way aligns with policy goals aimed at curbing overall greenhouse gas emissions. While it is true that total emissions affect the atmosphere globally, breaking down emissions per unit helps to understand the specific contributions of different activities and sectors to overall greenhouse gas emissions. Tackling cattle health issues can increase productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and improve animal welfare. Addressing livestock health issues can also provide favourable impacts on human health by reducing the prevalence of infectious illnesses in livestock, thereby mitigating the likelihood of zoonotic infections transmitting to humans. The progress in animal health offers the potential for a future in which the likelihood of animal diseases is reduced because of improved immunity, more effective preventative techniques, earlier identification, and innovative treatments. The primary objective of veterinary medicine is to eradicate clinical infectious diseases in small groups of animals. However, as the animal population grows, the emphasis shifts towards proactive treatment to tackle subclinical diseases and enhance production. Proactive treatment encompasses the consistent monitoring and implementation of preventive measures, such as vaccination and adherence to appropriate nutrition. Through the implementation of these measures, the livestock industry may enhance both animal well-being and mitigate the release of methane and nitrous oxide, thereby fostering environmental sustainability. In addition, advocating for sustainable farming methods and providing farmers with education on the significance of mitigating GHG emissions can bolster the industry’s endeavours to tackle climate change and infectious illnesses. This will result in a more robust and environmentally sustainable agriculture industry. This review seeks to conduct a thorough examination of the correlation between the health condition of cattle, the composition of milk produced, and the emissions of methane gas. It aims to identify areas where research is lacking and to provide guidance for future scientific investigations, policy making, and industry practices. The goal is to address the difficulties associated with methane emissions in the cattle industry. The primary global health challenge is to identify the causative relationship between climate change and infectious illnesses. Reducing CH4 and N2O emissions from digestive fermentation and animal manure can be achieved by improving animal well-being and limiting disease and mortality.

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Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emission from the dairy production system — review

Cited by 9 publications

References 106 publications

Assessment of Ammonia Emissions and Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Cattle Facilities: A Bibliometric Analysis

Assessment of Ammonia Emissions and Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Cattle Facilities: A Bibliometric Analysis

Satellite quantification of methane emissions from South American countries: A high-resolution inversion of TROPOMI and GOSAT observations

Relationship between Dairy Cow Health and Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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