Life cycle assessment of an all-organic battery: Hotspots and opportunities for improvement

Assessing n‐type organic materials for lithium batteries: A techno‐economic review

“…However, the oxidation of the specific sites of the pyrene molecule to obtain the ketone oxygens in the right positions is not easily achievable, and a synthesis route with expensive catalysts and low yield has to be utilized 130 . Recent life cycle assessments on laboratory‐scale organic batteries highlighted how the synthesis processes of organic molecules need to be greatly optimized to match the environmental (and cost) performance of commercial battery materials, for instance, by eliminating the use of expensive catalysts and improving the final yield 22,23 . Li et al listed the projected cost of a variety of organic cathode materials using the data from the reactions found in the literature, and no material had a cost lower than 400 $ kg −1 101 .…”

“…130 Recent life cycle assessments on laboratory-scale organic batteries highlighted how the synthesis processes of organic molecules need to be greatly optimized to match the environmental (and cost) performance of commercial battery materials, for instance, by eliminating the use of expensive catalysts and improving the final yield. 22,23 Li et al listed the projected cost of a variety of organic cathode materials using the data from the reactions found in the literature, and no material had a cost lower than 400 $ kg À1 . 101 It should be remarked that the current cost of lithium-ion battery active materials is in the 10-60 $ kg À1 range, depending on the raw material prices and the market conditions.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20] Other than the abundancy of the precursors, organic materials are expected to be more sustainable than commercial lithium-ion battery materials, with a global warming potential that could be $3 to 4 times lower, 20 and the possibility of assembling biodegradable organic batteries was also demonstrated. 21 Their sustainability has yet to be proven, since to date only lab-scale life cycle assessments on non-optimized synthesis routes are available, 22,23 which usually tend to greatly overestimate the environmental impact of battery materials. 24 Another advantage of organic materials can be found in their high versatility, due to the richness of their organic chemistry.…”

Bio-Based Polyhydroxyanthraquinones as High-Voltage Organic Electrode Materials for Batteries

“…As a result, organic electrode materials (OEMs) have gained much attention as sustainable alternatives . This is mainly due to the abundance of their elements, their energy-efficient processing, and the ease of their modification by organic chemistry. − Especially bio-based OEMs are very promising because of their geographical independent harvesting and the even lowered environmental impact of their life cycles compared to those of many regular OEMs, which are often still derived from the fossil fuel feedstock . In terms of performance, organic materials stand out foremost by demonstrating impressive capacities and great rate capabilities.…”

Evaluation and degradation mechanism of phthalimide derivatives as anolytes for non-aqueous organic static batteries

“…Whereas, introduction of non-polar groups such as alkyl chains and aromatic rings is preferred for increased hydrophobicity. [6][7][8][9] Appropriate functional groups can be chosen to tune the redox potentials which determine the output cell voltage, i.e., electron donating groups are introduced to increase the oxidation potential and electron withdrawing groups are introduced for lower reduction potential. However, the voltage stability of organic electrolytes is a concern.…”