Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Particleboard: Investigation of the Environmental Parameters

Abstract

Particleboard is not entirely a wood replacement but a particular material with its properties, making it more effective at different times than heavy or solid wood. The world’s biggest concern is environmental problems with formaldehyde as a particulate board binder that can lead to human carcinogenic agents. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of particleboard production was performed using openLCA software. The impact assessment was carried out according to the software’s features. This preliminary investigation aims to analyze the chemical composition of particleboard and identify its environmental impact. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) system was used to track the functional group of aliphatic hydrocarbons, inorganic phosphates, and main aliphatic alcohols found in particleboards made in Malaysia. Based on the FTIR results, aliphatic groups were found in numerous aggravates that the spectroscopic infrared was likely to experience. The most important vibrational modes were C–H, at approximately 3000 cm−1, and –CH deformations around 1460 cm−1 and 1380 cm−1. Eight effect groups demonstrated that 100% of the input and all analyses produced the same relative outcome. The life cycle of a product is determined by pollution of the air, water, and soil. Thus, particleboard has a minimal impact on the environment, except for global warming.

AHP and GCA Combined Approach to Green Design Evaluation of Kindergarten Furniture

“…This work can therefore guide the actors in furniture value chains as to the choice of the criteria able to maximize furniture sustainability throughout its life cycle. Mohd Azman, M.A.H., et al [18] have performed a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of particleboard production by using OpenLCA 1.10.3 Windows software, and the conclusion shows that particleboard has a minimal impact on the environment, except for global warming. Lv, H. et al [19] used the life cycle assessment method to collect and calculate the material and energy consumption of oak in various stages from timber harvesting, transportation, and wood production to drying and used SimaPro 8.0.1 software to carry out an environmental impact assessment.…”

Particle Boards from Forest Residues and Bio-Based Adhesive

“…One of the most essential areas of their production is for urea-formaldehyde resin. Additionally, formaldehyde is classified as a compound that can cause cancer (a class 3 carcinogen), and is poisonous, corrosive, and allergenic [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, a relatively recent problem observed in the manufacturing process is the detection of and reduction in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.…”

“…Several developed studies on the analysis of the life cycle of wood chipboard (life-cycle assessment), replacing synthetic resins with bioadhesives such as soy protein, lignin, tannin, etc. [18], show a reduction in their impact on the environment [11,[19][20][21][22]. Nevertheless, a portion of these bio-based compounds have been used in combination with petrochemical adhesives [23,24].…”

Life Cycle Assessment of Calcium-Rich Industrial Waste Reinforced Polypropylene and Low-Density Polyethylene Composites Using the Cradle-to-Gate Approach

“…The key struggles arising are the obstructions to repositories and the lack of clarity for materials. 51 The objective of this study was to identify the potential environmental impacts of the use of industrial wastes (FGD gypsum and marble waste) as resources to make particulate reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, a comparative LCA was done on samples of pristine PP and LDPE.…”

“…Moreover, GreenDelta created the open-source life cycle and sustainability assessment tool known as openLCA. , It has no license fee and is generally available. − , The software contributed to understanding the correlation between every unit of the process. The key struggles arising are the obstructions to repositories and the lack of clarity for materials . The objective of this study was to identify the potential environmental impacts of the use of industrial wastes (FGD gypsum and marble waste) as resources to make particulate reinforced polymer composites.…”