Life Cycle and Developmental Stages of Philophthalmus gralli in the Intermediate and Final Hosts

Alicata, Joseph E.

doi:10.2307/3275409

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The remainder of the flukes were incubated at 37°C for 1 h in order to induce them to lay eggs as well as the hatching of eggs so that snails could be infected with the released miracidia (Alicata 1962).…”

Section: Parasite and Snail Collection For Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shedding of the snails was induced by exposing live snails to artificial illumination for 2 h as described by Frandsen & Christensen (1984). Snails not shedding cercariae were dissected to determine whether they were infected with larval stages of P. gralli (Alicata 1962). …”

Section: Parasite and Snail Collection For Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen young laboratory-bred F1 generation of M. tuberculata with a mean shell height of 14 mm, obtained from Blair Research Laboratory, Harare were infected by exposing them for 1 h in water containing newly emerged miracidia from the flukes, as described by Alicata (1962).…”

Section: Infection Of Laboratory-bred Melanoides Tuberculatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs or miracidia from the infected birds are eliminated from the avian host into the environment by direct contact of the eyes, nasal and oral passages with water while drinking (Alicata 1962). The freshwater snail species, Tarebia granifera and Melanoides tuberculata have been reported to be the intermediate hosts (Nollen & Murray 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freshwater snail species, Tarebia granifera and Melanoides tuberculata have been reported to be the intermediate hosts (Nollen & Murray 1978). Detailed information on the development of P. gralli in T. granifera mauiensis and the domestic chicken has been described by Alicata (1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of an outbreak of the oriental eye-fluke, Philophthalmus gralli (Mathis & Leger 1910), in commercially reared ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Zimbabwe

Mukaratirwa¹,

Hove²,

Cindzi³

et al. 2005

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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A total of 17 commercially reared ostriches (Struthio camelus) from Msengi farm, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, observed with swollen eyes, severe conjunctivitis and constant lacrimation accompanied by a purulent exudate, were restrained for further clinical examination. Some of the birds were semi-blind with severe loss of body condition. When examined, tiny organisms were observed attached to the nictitating membranes and the conjuctival sacs of both eyes. The organisms were identified as Philophthalmus gralli, the "oriental eye-fluke" and Melanoides tuberculata, a prosobranch snail, was confirmed as the intermediate host through natural and experimental infection. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of the oriental eye-fluke infection in birds in Zimbabwe and Africa and extends its known geographical range.

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Section: Parasite and Snail Collection For Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasite and Snail Collection For Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infection Of Laboratory-bred Melanoides Tuberculatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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