Life and Dinner under the Shared Umbrella: Patterns in Felid and Primate Communities

Burnham, Dawn; Hinks, Amy E.; Macdonald, David W.

doi:10.1159/000342400

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Clouded leopards exhibited the closest spatial and temporal associations with muntjac. A study in Borneo on the interactions between felids and primates reported a clouded leopard killing a pig-tailed macaque [ 40 ]. Physiologically, clouded leopards have the longest canines, of any felid species relative to their body size and are likely to have evolved to be able to kill larger-bodied prey such as young muntjac, adult mouse deer and great argus pheasant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the spatiotemporal interactions of mesopredators in Sumatra’s tropical rainforest

2018

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Co-occurrence between mesopredators can be achieved by differentiation of prey, temporal activity, and spatial habitat use. The study of mesopredator interactions is a growing area of research in tropical forests and shedding new light on inter-guild competition between threatened vertebrate species that were previously little understood. Here, we investigate sympatry between the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii) living in the Sumatran rainforests of Indonesia. We investigate: i) spatial overlap of predator-prey species using a combination of single-species occupancy modelling and Bayesian two-species modelling, while controlling for the possible influence of several confounding landscape variables; and, ii) temporal overlap between mesopredators and their shared prey through calculating their kernel density estimate associations. From four study areas, representing lowland, hill, sub-montane and montane forest, 28,404 camera trap nights were sampled. Clouded leopard and golden cat were respectively detected in 24.3% and 22.6% of the 292 sampling sites (camera stations) and co-occurred in 29.6% of the sites where they were detected. Golden cat occupancy was highest in the study area where clouded leopard occupancy was lowest and conversely lowest in the study area where clouded leopard occupancy was highest. However, our fine-scale (camera trap site) analyses found no evidence of avoidance between these two felid species. While both mesopredators exhibited highest spatial overlap with the larger-bodied prey species, temporal niche separation was also found. Clouded leopard was more nocturnal and, consequently, had higher temporal overlap with the more nocturnal prey species, such as porcupine and mouse deer, whereas the more diurnal golden cat had higher overlap with the strictly diurnal great argus pheasant. The Bayesian two species occupancy modelling approach applied in our study fills several important knowledge gaps of Sumatra’s lesser known mesopredators and provides a replicable methodology for studying interspecific competition for other small-medium sized carnivore species in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the spatiotemporal interactions of mesopredators in Sumatra’s tropical rainforest

2018

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“…Quantitative data regarding the diet preferences of Sunda clouded leopards are lacking but incidental reports and observations from Borneo (e.g. Rabinowitz et al, 1987; Yeager, 1991; Matsuda et al, 2008; Burnham et al, 2012) suggest that they exploit a diverse array of mammals, and studies of temporal activity overlaps and patterns of co-occurrence with potential prey (Ross et al, 2013) indicate that ungulates may be a key resource. Thus, the response of Sunda clouded leopards to anthropogenic disturbance may be mediated largely by the responses of their prey to such habitat modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardipopulation density to anthropogenic disturbance: refining estimates of its conservation status in Sabah

Hearn

Ross

Bernard

et al. 2017

Oryx

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Extensive areas of tropical forests have been, and continue to be, disturbed as a result of selective timber extraction. Although such anthropogenic disturbance typically results in the loss of biodiversity, many species persist, and their conservation in production landscapes could be enhanced by a greater understanding of how biodiversity responds to forest management practices. We conducted intensive camera-trap surveys of eight protected forest areas in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and developed estimates of Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi population density from spatially explicit capture-recapture analyses of detection data to investigate how the species' abundance varies across the landscape and in response to anthropogenic disturbance. Estimates of population density from six forest areas were .-. individuals per  km  . Our study provides the first evidence that the population density of the Sunda clouded leopard is negatively affected by hunting pressure and forest fragmentation, and that among selectively logged forests, time since logging is positively associated with abundance. We argue that these negative anthropogenic impacts could be mitigated with improved logging practices, such as reducing the access of poachers by effective gating and destruction of road access points, and by the deployment of anti-poaching patrols. By calculating a weighted mean population density estimate from estimates developed here and from the literature, and by extrapolating this value to an estimate of current available habitat, we estimate there are  (% posterior interval -,) Sunda clouded leopards in Sabah.

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“…Densities were estimated using spatially explicit capturerecapture (SCR) models under the Bayesian framework (Royle et al 2014;Meredith 2020a). The R packages secr (Efford 2020), rgdal (Bivand et al 2016), raster (Bivand et al 2016), and makeJAGSmask (Meredith 2020b) were used for importing and formatting capture histories and creating the state space. We ran two models: (1) a spatial model with elevation as a covariate assuming that their densities would vary across the elevational gradient, and (2) capture probability (p) and scale parameter (σ) as a function of sex (Sollmann et al 2011;Webb et al 2020).…”

Section: Density Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and occupancy of leopard cats across different forest types in Cambodia

Channa

Kamler

et al. 2022

Mamm Res

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The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is the most common wild felid in Southeast Asia, yet little is known about the factors that affect their population density and occupancy in natural habitats. Although leopard cats are highly adaptable and reportedly can attain high densities in human-modified habitats, it is not clear which natural habitat is optimal for the species. Also, this felid has been preyed upon by large carnivores in Southeast Asia, yet the intra-guild effects of large carnivore presence on leopard cats are almost unknown. To shed light on these fundamental questions, we used data from camera trap surveys for felids to determine the leopard cat densities in three different forest types within Cambodia: continuous evergreen, mosaic dominated by evergreen (hereafter evergreen mosaic), and mosaic dominated by open dry deciduous forests (hereafter DDF mosaic). We also conducted occupancy analyses to evaluate the interactions of the leopard cats with three large carnivores: leopards (Panthera pardus), dholes (Cuon alpinus), and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). The estimated density (individuals/100 km2 ± SE) was highest in the continuous evergreen (27.83 ± 7.68), followed by evergreen mosaic (22.06 ± 5.35) and DDF mosaic (13.53 ± 3.23). Densities in all three forest types were relatively high compared to previous studies. Domestic dogs were detected on all 3 sites, and leopards and dholes had sufficient records on only one site each. The occupancy probability of leopard cats was not affected by the presence or absence of any large carnivore, indicating that large carnivores and leopard cats occurred independently of each other. Our findings support the claim that leopard cats are habitat generalists, but we show that evergreen forest is the optimum natural habitat for this species in the region. The DDF mosaic appears to sustain lower densities of leopard cats, probably due to the harsh dry season and wildfires that led to reduced prey base, although this generalist felid was still able to occupy DDF in relatively moderate numbers. Overall, the adaptability of leopard cats to various forest types, and lack of negative interaction with large carnivores, helps to explain why this species is the most common and widespread felid in Southeast Asia.

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Life and Dinner under the Shared Umbrella: Patterns in Felid and Primate Communities

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Assessing the spatiotemporal interactions of mesopredators in Sumatra’s tropical rainforest

Assessing the spatiotemporal interactions of mesopredators in Sumatra’s tropical rainforest

Responses of Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardipopulation density to anthropogenic disturbance: refining estimates of its conservation status in Sabah

Density and occupancy of leopard cats across different forest types in Cambodia

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