Life: An emergent property that passively qualifies matter or a purposive agency that actively controls matter?

Abstract

Despite its abundance, life continues to be a mind-boggling mystery. Physical entities are made of matter-energy, and thus they are ontologically objective. The properties that emerge on a physical entity and characterize it are ontologically subjective and thus nonphysical. Emergent properties routinely appear on physical entities during assembly out of nowhere and disappear during disassembly. We can engineer the manifestation of desired properties by manipulating matter, but we seem to have no control over agencies. Agencies are characterized by causal power and thus the capacity to cause changes. Ontologically, agencies have primacy and supremacy. Unlike properties, agencies go beyond passively qualifying matter: they actively control matter. Many agencies can be identified in nature, such as the familiar agency of physics, comprised of the laws and forces of physics and controls the physical entities, and the quantum field agency which converts quanta of energy concisely into particles with a distinctive set of properties. In this paper it is discussed, based on careful observations, plausibility, logical consistency, and reasoned arguments, that enigmatic life is best characterized as a purposive agency that actively subjugates and controls matter rather than an emergent property that passively qualifies matter.