Life after medicalised conception: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study exploring the experiences of pregnancy and early parenting

Abstract

Background Pregnancy resulting from Medicalised Conception (MAC) is increasingly prevalent. In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is the most common type of treatment which has been linked to increased pregnancy-specific anxiety and different approaches to parenting. This study was novel in exploring the lived experiences of pregnancy and early parenthood in individuals who conceived via IVF, identifying how they coped with any psychological difficulties. Method Twelve UK participants, who successfully achieved pregnancy via IVF and had given birth to an infant aged 12 weeks to 2 years old currently, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results Three superordinate themes were identified: 1) The lasting imprint of IVF: unidentified and unmet psychological needs. The resultant loss, grief and powerlessness associated with the IVF treatment process left individuals emotionally vulnerable entering pregnancy. The lasting impact of IVF was evident, influencing birth preferences and feeding choices. 2) The fragility of pregnancy: helpless and existing in a world of uncertainty. Pregnancy was often approached with caution and trepidation, leading to methods of self-protection, such as difficulties in believing the existence of the pregnancy. 3) The parental function of healthcare systems: needing an anchor and a sense of safety highlighted the pivotal role of health systems and their ability to perpetuate or alleviate distress. Conclusions The psychological vulnerability of expectant parents needs to be considered throughout the perinatal period. Routine monitoring of psychological well-being and the implementation of specialist services and peer support for individuals who conceive via IVF is recommended.